Single Gold@Silver Nanoprobes for Real-Time Tracing the Entire Autophagy Process at Single-Cell Level

This article describes a multimodified core–shell gold@silver nanoprobe for real-time monitoring the entire autophagy process at single-cell level. Autophagy is vital for understanding the mechanisms of human pathologies, developing novel drugs, and exploring approaches for autophagy controlling. A major challenge for autophagy study lies in real-time monitoring. One solution might come from real-time detection of in situ superoxide radicals (O₂^•–), because it is the main regulator of autophagy. In this work, our proposed nanoprobes were etched by O₂^•– and gave a notable wavelength change in the plasmon resonance scattering spectra. Both the experimental and simulated results suggested the wavelength change rate correlated well with O₂^•– level. This response enabled its application in real-time in situ quantification of O₂^•– during autophagy course. More importantly, with the introduction of “relay probe” operation, two types of O₂^•–-regulating autophagy processes were successfully traced from the beginning to the end, and the possible mechanism was also proposed

Adoptive Immunotherapy in Postoperative Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

<div><p>Background</p><p>Adoptive immunotherapy (AI) has been applied in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, but the value of postoperative AI has been inconclusive largely as a result of the small number of patients included in each study. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to address this issue for patients with postoperative NSCLC.</p><p>Methods</p><p>Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library were searched for randomized controlled trials comparing adoptive immunotherapy with control therapies in postoperative NSCLC patients. The primary endpoint was overall survival. Hazard ratio (HR) was estimated and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using a fixed-effect model.</p><p>Results</p><p>Compared with control therapies, analyses of 4 randomized controlled trials (472 patients) showed a significant benefit of adoptive immunotherapy on survival (hazard ratio [HR] 0.61, 95% CI 0.45–0.84, p = 0.002), and a 39% reduction in the relative risk of death (no evidence of a difference between trials; p = 0.16, I² = 42%). In subgroup analyses by treatment cycles and treatment regimen, significant OS benefit was found in combination therapy of AI with chemotherapy, regardless of whether or not the treatment cycles were more than 10 cycles.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>Adoptive immunotherapy has the potential to improve overall survival in postoperative NSCLC. The findings suggest this is a valid treatment option for these patients. Further randomized clinical trials are urgently needed.</p></div

Forest plot of hazard ratio (HR) of overall survival in AI group versus control group.

<p>Forest plot of hazard ratio (HR) of overall survival in AI group versus control group.</p

The total funnel plot of all groups.

<p>The total funnel plot of all groups.</p

Risk of bias in included studies.

<p>Risk of bias in included studies.</p

Results of subgroup analysis according to treatment line, treatment regimens for Meta-Analysis.

<p>Results of subgroup analysis according to treatment line, treatment regimens for Meta-Analysis.</p

Selection and evaluation process of the eligible studies in the meta-analysis.

<p><i>From</i>: Moher D, Liberati A, Tefclaff J, Altman DG, The PRISMA Group (2009). /deferred Reporting /terns for Systematic Reviews and Meta- Analyses: The PRISMA Statement. PLoS Med 6(7): e1000097. doi:<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed1000097" target="_blank">10.1371/journal.pmed1000097</a> For more information, visit <a href="http://www.prisma-statement.org" target="_blank">www.prisma-statement.org</a>.</p

Characteristics of Included Studies for MetaAnalysis.

<p>Characteristics of Included Studies for MetaAnalysis.</p

Characteristics of Included Studies for Meta-Analysis.

<p>Characteristics of Included Studies for Meta-Analysis.</p

MHD patients and healthy controls characteristics according to baseline status.

<p>BMI: body mass index; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; Hb:hemoglobin; SCr: serum creatinine; ALB: albumin.</p