Construction of Aromatic [5,5] Spiroketals via Hypoiodite-Catalyzed Etherification Combined in Relay Cascades

An approach is developed for the synthesis of bisbenzannelated spiro[5,5]ketals via a catalytic relay reaction cascade involving a new cyclo-etherification, which is prompted by fluoride and catalyzed by the hypoiodite species generated in situ from irradiative aerobic oxidation of an iodide ion formed in the former step of the reaction cascade

Construction of Aromatic [5,5] Spiroketals via Hypoiodite-Catalyzed Etherification Combined in Relay Cascades

An approach is developed for the synthesis of bisbenzannelated spiro[5,5]ketals via a catalytic relay reaction cascade involving a new cyclo-etherification, which is prompted by fluoride and catalyzed by the hypoiodite species generated in situ from irradiative aerobic oxidation of an iodide ion formed in the former step of the reaction cascade

Construction of Aromatic [5,5] Spiroketals via Hypoiodite-Catalyzed Etherification Combined in Relay Cascades

An approach is developed for the synthesis of bisbenzannelated spiro[5,5]ketals via a catalytic relay reaction cascade involving a new cyclo-etherification, which is prompted by fluoride and catalyzed by the hypoiodite species generated in situ from irradiative aerobic oxidation of an iodide ion formed in the former step of the reaction cascade

Construction of Aromatic [5,5] Spiroketals via Hypoiodite-Catalyzed Etherification Combined in Relay Cascades

An approach is developed for the synthesis of bisbenzannelated spiro[5,5]ketals via a catalytic relay reaction cascade involving a new cyclo-etherification, which is prompted by fluoride and catalyzed by the hypoiodite species generated in situ from irradiative aerobic oxidation of an iodide ion formed in the former step of the reaction cascade

Tunable Ultrasmall Visible-to-Extended Near-Infrared Emitting Silver Sulfide Quantum Dots for Integrin-Targeted Cancer Imaging

The large size of many near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent nanoparticles prevents rapid extravasation from blood vessels and subsequent diffusion to tumors. This confines <i>in vivo</i> uptake to the peritumoral space and results in high liver retention. In this study, we developed a viscosity modulated approach to synthesize ultrasmall silver sulfide quantum dots (QDs) with distinct tunable light emission from 500 to 1200 nm and a QD core diameter between 1.5 and 9 nm. Conjugation of a tumor-avid cyclic pentapeptide (Arg-Gly-Asp-DPhe-Lys) resulted in monodisperse, water-soluble QDs (hydrodynamic diameter < 10 nm) without loss of the peptide’s high binding affinity to tumor-associated integrins (<i>K</i>_I = 1.8 nM/peptide). Fluorescence and electron microscopy showed that selective integrin-mediated internalization was observed only in cancer cells treated with the peptide-labeled QDs, demonstrating that the unlabeled hydrophilic nanoparticles exhibit characteristics of negatively charged fluorescent dye molecules, which typically do not internalize in cells. The biodistribution profiles of intravenously administered QDs in different mouse models of cancer reveal an exceptionally high tumor-to-liver uptake ratio, suggesting that the small sized QDs evaded conventional opsonization and subsequent high uptake in the liver and spleen. The seamless tunability of the QDs over a wide spectral range with only a small increase in size, as well as the ease of labeling the bright and noncytotoxic QDs with biomolecules, provides a platform for multiplexing information, tracking the trafficking of single molecules in cells, and selectively targeting disease biomarkers in living organisms without premature QD opsonization in circulating blood

A one-year follow-up study of systematic impact of long COVID symptoms among patients post SARS-CoV-2 omicron variants infection in Shanghai, China

AbstractLong COVID hinders people from normal life and work, posing significant medical and economic challenges. Nevertheless, comprehensive studies assessing its impact on large populations in Asia are still lacking. We tracked over 20,000 patients infected with COVID-19 for the first time during the Omicron BA.2 outbreak in Shanghai from March-June 2022 for one year. Of the 21,799 COVID-19 patients who participated in the 6-month telephone follow-up, 1,939 (8.89%) had self-reported long COVID symptoms. 450 long COVID patients participated in the 6-month outpatient follow-up. Participants underwent healthy physical examinations and questionnaires focused on long-COVID-related symptoms and mental health. Mobility problem (P<0.001), personal care problem (P=0.003), usual activity problem (P<0.001), pain/discomfort (P<0.001), anxiety/depression (P=0.001) and PTSD (P=0.001) were more prevalent in long COVID patients than in healthy individuals, but no significant differences were found between the two groups on chest CT and laboratory examinations. Of the 856 long COVID patients who participated in the 12-month follow-up, 587 (68.5%) had their symptoms resolved. In the multivariable logistic analysis, females (P<0.001), youth (age <40 years) (P<0.001), ≥2 comorbidities (P=0.009), and severe infection in the acute phase (P=0.006) were risk factors for developing long COVID. Middle age (40-60 years) was a risk factor for persistent long COVID one year after hospital discharge (P=0.013). The study found that long COVID mainly manifested as subjective symptoms and impacts partial patients' quality of life and mental status. After one year, most (68.5%) of the patients recovered from long COVID with no impairment of organ function observed