Flow Structures of Gaseous Jets Injected into Water for Underwater Propulsion

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/90659/1/AIAA-2011-185-740.pd

Flow Structures of Gaseous Jet Injected into Liquid for Underwater Propulsion

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/83627/1/AIAA-2010-6911-166.pd

Key pathways and genes controlling the development and progression of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) based on gene set enrichment analysis

BACKGROUND: Clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is one of the most common types of kidney cancer in adults; however, its causes are not completely understood. The study was designed to filter the key pathways and genes associated with the occurrence or development of ccRCC, acquaint its pathogenesis at gene and pathway level, to provide more theory evidence and targeted therapy for ccRCC. METHODS: Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and meta-analysis (Meta) were used to screen the critical pathways and genes which may affect the occurrence and progression of ccRCC on the transcription level. Corresponding pathways of significant genes were obtained with the online website DAVID (http://david.abcc.ncifcrf.gov/). RESULTS: Thirty seven consistent pathways and key genes in these pathways related to ccRCC were obtained with combined GSEA and meta-analysis. These pathways were mainly involved in metabolism, organismal systems, cellular processes and environmental information processing. CONCLUSION: The gene pathways that we identified could provide insight concerning the development of ccRCC. Further studies are needed to determine the biological function for the positive genes

T-Lymphocyte Responses to Intestinally Absorbed Antigens Can Contribute to Adipose Tissue Inflammation and Glucose Intolerance during High Fat Feeding

BACKGROUND: Obesity is associated with inflammation of visceral adipose tissues, which increases the risk for insulin resistance. Animal models suggest that T-lymphocyte infiltration is an important early step, although it is unclear why these cells are attracted. We have recently demonstrated that dietary triglycerides, major components of high fat diets, promote intestinal absorption of a protein antigen (ovalbumin, "OVA"). The antigen was partly transported on chylomicrons, which are prominently cleared in adipose tissues. We hypothesized that intestinally absorbed gut antigens may cause T-lymphocyte associated inflammation in adipose tissue. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Triglyceride absorption promoted intestinal absorption of OVA into adipose tissue, in a chylomicron-dependent manner. Absorption tended to be higher in mesenteric than subcutaneous adipose tissue, and was lowest in gonadal tissue. OVA immunoreactivity was detected in stromal vascular cells, including endothelial cells. In OVA-sensitized mice, OVA feeding caused marked accumulation of CD3+ and osteopontin+ cells in mesenteric adipose tissue. The accumulating T-lymphocytes were mainly CD4+. As expected, high-fat (60% kCal) diets promoted mesenteric adipose tissue inflammation compared to low-fat diets (10% Kcal), as reflected by increased expression of osteopontin and interferon-gamma. Immune responses to dietary OVA further increased diet-induced osteopontin and interferon-gamma expression in mesenteric adipose. Inflammatory gene expression in subcutaneous tissue did not respond significantly to OVA or dietary fat content. Lastly, whereas OVA responses did not significantly affect bodyweight or adiposity, they significantly impaired glucose tolerance. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our results suggest that loss or lack of immunological tolerance to intestinally absorbed T-lymphocyte antigens can contribute to mesenteric adipose tissue inflammation and defective glucose metabolism during high-fat dieting

Deterministic single-photon source in the ultrastrong coupling regime

Deterministic single-photon sources are important and ubiquitous in quantum information protocols. However, to the best of our knowledge, none of them work in the ultrastrong light-matter coupling regime, and each excitation process can only emit one photon. We propose a deterministic single-photon source in circuit QED which can work in the ultrastrong coupling regime. Here, two qubits are excited simultaneously in one process and two deterministic single photons can be sequentially emitted with an arbitrary time separation. This happens through two consecutive adiabatic transfers along the one-photon solutions of the two-qubit Rabi and Jaynes-Cummings model, which has constant eigenenergy in the whole coupling regime. Unlike the stimulated Raman adiabatic passage, the system goes back to the initial state of another period automatically after photon emission. Our scheme can approach unity single-photon efficiency, indistinguishability, and purity simultaneously. With the assistance of the Stark shift, a deterministic single photon can be generated within a time proportional to the inverse of the resonator frequency.Comment: 7 +4 pages, 5 figure

Complete Genome and Transcriptomes of Streptococcus parasanguinis FW213: Phylogenic Relations and Potential Virulence Mechanisms

Streptococcus parasanguinis, a primary colonizer of the tooth surface, is also an opportunistic pathogen for subacute endocarditis. The complete genome of strain FW213 was determined using the traditional shotgun sequencing approach and further refined by the transcriptomes of cells in early exponential and early stationary growth phases in this study. The transcriptomes also discovered 10 transcripts encoding known hypothetical proteins, one pseudogene, five transcripts matched to the Rfam and additional 87 putative small RNAs within the intergenic regions defined by the GLIMMER analysis. The genome contains five acquired genomic islands (GIs) encoding proteins which potentially contribute to the overall pathogenic capacity and fitness of this microbe. The differential expression of the GIs and various open reading frames outside the GIs at the two growth phases suggested that FW213 possess a range of mechanisms to avoid host immune clearance, to colonize host tissues, to survive within oral biofilms and to overcome various environmental insults. Furthermore, the comparative genome analysis of five S. parasanguinis strains indicates that albeit S. parasanguinis strains are highly conserved, variations in the genome content exist. These variations may reflect differences in pathogenic potential between the strains

Complete genome sequence of Echinicola rosea JL3085, a xylan and pectin decomposer.

Marine Bacteroidetes are well known for their functional specialization on the decomposition of polysaccharides which results from a great number of carbohydrate-active enzymes. Here we represent the complete genome of a Bacteroitedes member Echinicola rosea JL3085T that was isolated from surface seawater of the South China Sea. The genome is 6.06 Mbp in size with a GC content of 44.1% and comprises 4613 protein coding genes. A remarkable genomic feature is that the number of glycoside hydrolase genes in the genome of E. rosea JL3085T is high in comparison with most of the sequenced members of marine Bacteroitedes. E. rosea JL3085T genome harbored multi-gene polysaccharide utilization loci (PUL) systems involved in the degradation of pectin, xylan and arabinogalactan. The large diversity of hydrolytic enzymes supports the use of E. rosea JL3085T as a candidate for biotechnological applications in enzymatic conversion of plant polysaccharides

Complete genome sequence of Echinicola rosea JL3085, a xylan and pectin decomposer

Abstract(#br)Marine Bacteroidetes are well known for their functional specialization on the decomposition of polysaccharides which results from a great number of carbohydrate-active enzymes. Here we represent the complete genome of a Bacteroitedes member Echinicola rosea JL3085 T that was isolated from surface seawater of the South China Sea. The genome is 6.06 Mbp in size with a GC content of 44.1% and comprises 4613 protein coding genes. A remarkable genomic feature is that the number of glycoside hydrolase genes in the genome of E. rosea JL3085 T is high in comparison with most of the sequenced members of marine Bacteroitedes . E. rosea JL3085 T genome harbored multi-gene polysaccharide utilization loci (PUL) systems involved in the degradation of pectin, xylan and arabinogalactan. The large diversity of hydrolytic enzymes supports the use of E. rosea JL3085 T as a candidate for biotechnological applications in enzymatic conversion of plant polysaccharides