Descriptions of field locations.

<p>Descriptions of field locations.</p

The proportion of melanic morphs at different temperatures.

<p>The proportion of melanic morphs increased with an increase in the temperature. The proportion of melanism at 30°C was significantly higher than that at 26°C, and the plant hoppers at 26°C showed a significantly higher proportion of melanism than those at 22°C. Our data demonstrated the relation between the proportion of melanism and temperature.</p

The melanic and non-melanic morphs of <i>Saccharosydne procerus</i>.

<p>A. Melanic morph and B. Non-melanic morph.</p

The variation in the proportion of melanism in adults of the <i>Saccharosydne procerus</i> in the primary water bamboo producing areas.

<p>The X axis represents the mean temperature of the 30 d before the investigation in the primary water bamboo producing areas: 24.75°C (Changsha, 2012.5.21–2012.6.19), 25.63°C (Jinhua, 2012.6.2–2012.7.1), 26.58°C (Anqing, 2012.8.16–2012.9.14), 29.52°C (Suzhou, 2012.6.25–2012.7.24). The mean temperature was the highest in Suzhou and the proportion of melanism was also significantly higher than that in the other three areas.</p

Synthesis and Insecticidal Activity of Enzyme-Triggered Functionalized Hollow Mesoporous Silica for Controlled Release

In the present study, enzymatic responsive controlled release formulations (CRFs) were fabricated. The CRFs were achieved by anchoring mechanically interlocked molecules using α-cyclodextrin onto the surface pore rims of hollow mesoporous silica (HMS). The CRFs were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The results showed that the CRFs had extraordinary loading ability for chlorantraniliprole (42% w/w) and could effectively preserve chlorantraniliprole against degradation under thermal conditions and UV radiation. The CRFs have been proven to be enzyme-sensitive. The release ratio of chlorantraniliprole from CRFs can be accelerated observably when external α-amylase was introduced. The persistence of CRFs was evaluated by regular sampling feeding experiment using <i>Plutella xylostella</i> as the target insect. The results showed that the larval mortality of <i>P. xylostella</i> was much higher than that of Coragen under all concentrations after 14 days, which proved that CRFs had remarkable persistence

Table_1_In-depth characterization of phytase-producing plant growth promotion bacteria isolated in alpine grassland of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.DOCX

The use of plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) express phytase (myo-inositol hexakisphosphate phosphohydrolase) capable of hydrolyzing inositol phosphate in soil was a sustainable approach to supply available phosphorus (P) to plants. A total of 73 bacterial isolates with extracellular phytase activity were selected from seven dominant grass species rhizosphere in alpine grassland of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Then, the plant growth promoting (PGP) traits of candidate bacteria were screened by qualitative and quantitative methods, including organic/inorganic Phosphorus solubilization (P. solubilization), plant hormones (PHs) production, nitrogen fixation, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase activity and antimicrobial activity. Further experiment were conducted to test their growth promoting effect on Lolium perenne L. under P-limitation. Our results indicated that these bacteria as members of phyla Proteobacteria (90.41%) and Actinobacteria (9.59%) were related to 16 different genera. The isolates of Pseudomonas species showed the highest isolates number (36) and average values of phytase activity (0.267 ± 0.012 U mL–1), and showed a multiple of PGP traits, which was a great candidate for PGPBs. In addition, six strains were positive in phytase gene (β-propeller phytase, bpp) amplification, which significantly increased the shoot length, shoot/root fresh weight, root average diameter and root system phytase activity of Lolium perenne L. under P-limitation, and the expression of phytase gene (bppP) in root system were verified by qPCR. Finally, the PHY101 gene encoding phytase from Pseudomonas mandelii GS10-1 was cloned, sequenced, and recombinantly expressed in Escherichia coli. Biochemical characterization demonstrated that the recombinant phytase PHY101 revealed the highest activity at pH 6 and 40°C temperature. In particular, more than 60% of activity was retained at a low temperature of 15°C. This study demonstrates the opportunity for commercialization of the phytase-producing PGPB to developing localized microbial inoculants and engineering rhizobacteria for sustainable use in alpine grasslands.</p

Data_Sheet_1_Prevalence of depression in melasma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.PDF

BackgroundDue to cosmetic disfigurement, melasma can negatively affect the quality of life and emotional and mental health, further leading to depression.ObjectivePrevalence rates of depression in patients with melasma vary widely across studies. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to estimate the prevalence of depression among melasma patients.MethodsThe PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were searched to identify articles evaluating the prevalence of depression in melasma patients from their inception to 12 July 2023. Studies were reviewed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, and a meta-analysis was performed using the Stata 14.0 software.ResultsSixteen studies met the eligibility criteria out of the 859 studies, containing a total of 2,963 melasma patients for this systematic review and meta-analysis. Meta-analyses revealed that the pooled prevalence of depression among patients with melasma was 43.4% (95% CI 30.5–56.2%, Q-value = 808.859, d.f. = 15, p 2 = 0.065, I2 = 98.1%). The meta-regression found that the publication year, sample size, and study quality were not significant moderators for the observed heterogeneity in prevalence. A subgroup analysis according to depression assessment methods showed that the prevalence of depressive disorders was 24.2% (95% CI 16.8–31.6%), and the prevalence of depressive symptoms was 45.1% (95% CI 31.2–59.0%). A subgroup analysis by geographic regions showed that patients in Asia had the highest prevalence of depression at 48.5% (95% CI 26.0–71.0%), compared to other regions. A subgroup analysis by study design showed that the prevalence of depression in case–control studies was almost identical to cross-sectional studies. In the case of OR, the pooled OR of depression between patients with melasma and health controls was 1.677 (95% CI 1.163–2.420, p = 0.606, I2 = 0.0%).ConclusionThe prevalence of depression was relatively high in patients with melasma, and there was a correlation between melasma and depression, encouraging clinicians to screen for depression in their patients and providing a combination of physical and psychosocial support. If necessary, they should be referred to formal mental health services to seek professional psychological intervention.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, CRD42022381378.</p

The 3D nasal cavity constructed using Mimics.

<p>This reconstruction is based on the same boundaries segmented by the level set method.</p

The process of segmentation of the nasal boundary.

<p>a) The coronal image of the nasal cavity with the initial region of manual selection. b) The segmented boundary of the nasal cavity obtained by the level set method based on the initial region in the left panel.</p

Summary of putative odorant receptor genes of A. <i>gossypii.</i>

<p>Summary of putative odorant receptor genes of A. <i>gossypii.</i></p