<i>N</i>‑Vinylimidazole-Modified Post-Cross-Linked Resin with Pendent Vinyl Groups and Their Adsorption of Phenol from Aqueous Solution

Herein <i>N</i>-vinylimidazole (VIM) was employed as the polar monomer in the polymerization, and a series of VIM-modified post-cross-linked resins with vinyl groups were prepared by altering the initial cross-linking degree and mass percentage of toluene in the porogens. The results indicate that the initial cross-linking degree and the porogens have great influence on the porosity and adsorption performance. The resins with a higher initial cross-linking degree and a higher mass percentage of toluene in the porogens possess higher Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area and pore volume. Moreover, the Friedel–Crafts alkylation reaction induces the greater increased micropore area and micropore volume. HPDV-90%–50% with the initial cross-linking degree of 90% and using 50% (w/w) toluene and 50% (w/w) benzyl alcohol (TA) in the porogens has the largest equilibrium capacity to phenol. The equilibrium data are well characterized by the Freundlich model, and the isosteric heat of adsorption decreases dramatically with increasing the fractional loading. The adsorption can reach equilibrium within 80 min, and the intraparticle diffusion is the rate-limiting step. HPDV-90%–50% exhibits a dynamic capacity of 40.3 mg/mL wet resin at an initial concentration of 520 mg/L and a flow rate of 1.6 mL/min, and it can be completely regenerated with an excellent regeneration property

Hydrogen Bonding of Acylamino-Modified Macroporous Cross-Linked Polystyrene Resins with Phenol

Hydrogen bonding plays an important role in the adsorption of organic compounds on polymeric adsorbents. Herein, three acylamino-modified macroporous cross-linked polystyrene resins, namely, PMVBA, PVBA, and PVBU, are synthesized and their adsorption of phenol is investigated in detail from hexane. The results indicate that about 3.70 mmol/g acylamino groups are uploaded on the resins, the adsorption of these resins to phenol is efficient, and the equilibrium capacity has an order of PVBU > PMVBA > PVBA. The isosteric enthalpy of adsorption is calculated, and it possesses a similar order of PVBU (−63.38 ± 9.2 kJ/mol) > PVBA (−55.81 ± 7.8 kJ/mol) > PMVBA (−39.87 ± 5.5 kJ/mol) at the zero fractional loading. Analysis of the adsorption mechanism suggests that hydrogen bonding is the main driving force for the adsorption, double hydrogen bonding is involved for phenol adsorption on PVBA and PVBU, and an approximate hexahydric ring is formed during this process

Synthesis of Triazine-Based Porous Organic Polymers Derived N‑Enriched Porous Carbons for CO₂ Capture

Porous carbon with both high CO₂ uptake and CO₂/N₂ selectivity is desired for reducing the cost of carbon capture. Here, we report the preparation of N-enriched porous carbons (NPCs) derived from the low-cost triazine-based porous organic polymers using KOH as the activating agent under N₂. The results indicate that the nitrogen content and textural properties of the NPCs can be effectively adjusted by the polymer precursors and the carbonization temperature. Impressively, the NPCs have an enriched N content (5.56–11.33 wt %) and abundant porosity (BET surface area: 394–1873 m²/g, pore volume: 0.27–1.56 cm³/g), endowing them with high CO₂ uptake (120–207 mg/g at 273 K and 1.0 bar) and acceptable CO₂/N₂ selectivity (Henry’s law: 14.3–16.8). In particular, the ultra micropore volume (<i>d</i> ≤ 0.8 nm) is proven a key factor for the CO₂ uptake, while both the ultra micropore volume and N content contribute the CO₂/N₂ selectivity. Our described work will provide a strategy to initiate developments of rationally designed porous carbons for various potential applications

Adsorption of Berberine Hydrochloride, Ligustrazine Hydrochloride, Colchicine, and Matrine Alkaloids on Macroporous Resins

This research aims at identifying suitable resin adsorbents for efficient separation and purification of alkaloids from plant materials. The adsorption properties (equilibrium, kinetics, and column breakthrough) of four alkaloid model compounds (berberine hydrochloride, ligustrazine hydrochloride, colchicine, and matrine) on selected macroporous resins were studied. The adsorption equilibrium capacities and desorption ratios of the four model compounds on nine different macroporous resins were measured and compared. It was observed that the resins with a low polarity and high surface area offered a high adsorption capacity for all alkaloids. The pseudo-second-order adsorption rate equation fit well all the kinetic data, and the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm equations correlate well the adsorption isotherms on the four resins. Among the nine resins studied in this work, the HPD300 resin was identified as the most promising adsorbent for alkaloids separation and purification because of its excellent adsorption and desorption properties for all four alkaloid compounds. The adsorption breakthrough experiment on the HPD300 resin using a mixture solution containing all four model compounds further confirmed the effective separation of alkaloids on the HPD300 resin

Controllable Synthesis of Polar Modified Hyper-Cross-Linked Resins and Their Adsorption of 2‑Naphthol and 4‑Hydroxybenzoic Acid from Aqueous Solution

We synthesized a series of polar hyper-cross-linked resins, and the porosity and polarity of these resins were effectively tuned by feeding different amounts of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA). As the feeding amount of GMA increased, the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area, pore volume, micropore area, and micropore volume sharply decreased; the pore size distribution of the resins showed a large population of pores in the microporous region extending to a higher part of the mesoporous region, and the O content increased while the static contact angle lowered. The adsorption experiments indicated that these resins were efficient for adsorption of 2-naphthol and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4-HBA). The adsorption process was very fast, and the kinetic data for the adsorption of 2-naphthol could be well-fitted by a pseudo-second-order rate equation, while those for the adsorption of 4-HBA could be characterized by a pseudo-first-order rate equation

Adsorption of CO₂, CH₄, and N₂ on Ordered Mesoporous Carbon: Approach for Greenhouse Gases Capture and Biogas Upgrading

Separation of CO₂ and N₂ from CH₄ is significantly important in natural gas upgrading, and capture/removal of CO₂, CH₄ from air (N₂) is essential to greenhouse gas emission control. Adsorption equilibrium and kinetics of CO₂, CH₄, and N₂ on an ordered mesoporous carbon (OMC) sample were systematically investigated to evaluate its capability in the above two applications. The OMC was synthesized and characterized with TEM, TGA, small-angle XRD, and nitrogen adsorption/desorption measurements. Pure component adsorption isotherms of CO₂, CH₄, and N₂ were measured at 278, 298, and 318 K and pressures up to 100 kPa, and correlated with the Langmuir model. These data were used to estimate the separation selectivities for CO₂/CH₄, CH₄/N₂, and CO₂/N₂ binary mixtures at different compositions and pressures according to the ideal adsorbed solution theory (IAST) model. At 278 K and 100 kPa, the predicted selectivities for equimolar CO₂/CH₄, CH₄/N₂, and CO₂/N₂ are 3.4, 3.7, and 12.8, respectively; and the adsorption capacities for CH₄ and CO₂ are 1.3 and 3.0 mmol/g, respectively. This is the first report of a versatile mesoporous material that displays both high selectivities and large adsorption capacities for separating CO₂/CH₄, CH₄/N₂, and CO₂/N₂ mixtures

Engineering MMP‑2 Activated Nanoparticles Carrying B7-H3 Bispecific Antibodies for Ferroptosis-Enhanced Glioblastoma Immunotherapy

Administration of bispecific antibodies (biAbs) in tumor therapy is limited by their short half-life and off-target toxicity. Optimized strategies or targets are needed to overcome these barriers. B7-H3 (CD276), a member of the B7 superfamily, is associated with poor survival in glioblastoma (GBM) patients. Moreover, a dimer of EGCG (dEGCG) synthesized in this work enhanced the IFN-γ-induced ferroptosis of tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. Herein, we prepared recombinant anti-B7-H3×CD3 biAbs and constructed MMP-2-sensitive S-biAb/dEGCG@NPs to offer a combination treatment strategy for efficient and systemic GBM elimination. Given their GBM targeted delivery and tumor microenvironment responsiveness, S-biAb/dEGCG@NPs displayed enhanced intracranial accumulation, 4.1-, 9.5-, and 12.3-fold higher than that of biAb/dEGCG@NPs, biAb/dEGCG complexes, and free biAbs, respectively. Furthermore, 50% of GBM-bearing mice in the S-biAb/dEGCG@NP group survived longer than 56 days. Overall, S-biAb/dEGCG@NPs can induce GBM elimination by boosting the ferroptosis effect and enhancing immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) immunotherapy and may be successful antibody nanocarriers for enhanced cancer therapy

Oxygen Vacancy-Reinforced Water-Assisted Proton Hopping for Enhanced Catalytic Hydrogenation

Water-assisted proton hopping (WAPH) has been intensively investigated for promoting the performance of metal oxide-supported catalysts for hydrogenation. However, the effects of the structure of the metal oxide support on WAPH have received little attention. Herein, we construct oxygen vacancy-bearing, MoO3–x-supported Pd nanoparticle catalysts (Pd/MoO3–x-R), where the oxygen vacancies can promote WAPH, thereby facilitating catalytic hydrogenation. The experimental results and theoretical calculations show that the oxygen vacancies favor the adsorption of water, which assists the proton hopping across the surface of the metal oxide, enhancing the catalytic hydrogenation. Our finding will provide a potential approach to the design of metal oxide-supported catalysts for hydrogenation