A Web Cache Replacement Strategy for Safety-Critical Systems

A Safety-Critical System (SCS), such as a spacecraft, is usually a complex system. It produces a large amount of test data during a comprehensive testing process. The large amount of data is often managed by a comprehensive test data query system. The primary factor affecting the management experience of a comprehensive test data query system is the performance of querying the test data. It is a big challenge to manage and maintain the huge and complex testing data.To address this challenge, a web cache replacement algorithm which can effectively improve the query performance and reduce the network latency is needed. However, a general-purpose web cache replacement algorithm usually cannot be directly applied to this type of system due to the low hit rate and low byte hit rate. In order to improve the hit rate and byte hit rate, a data stream mining technology is introduced, and a new web cache algorithm GDSF-DST (Greedy Dual-Size Frequency with Data Stream Technology) for the Safety-Critical System (SCS) is proposed based on the original GDSF algorithm. The experimental results show that compared with state of the art traditional algorithms, GDSF-DST achieves competitive performance and improves the hit rate and byte hit rate by about 20%

Combination of Fluoride and SO2 Induce DNA Damage and Morphological Alterations in Male Rat Kidney

Background/Aims: We investigated the combined toxic effect of sodium fluoride (NaF) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) on kidney morphological changes and DNA damage in male Wistar rats. Methods: In this study we selected totally 96 male Wistar rats (12-week-old) then randomly group-housed them into four cages, treated with deionized water, NaF, SO2 and co-treatment of NaF and SO2 respectively. Morphological changes of kidney were detected by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks. Correspondingly, tailing ratio and comet length were measured by BAB Bs Comet Assay System, including DNA damage special unit were calculated to evaluate the grades of kidney DNA damage at the same time. Results: Treated groups showed a body weight decrease when compared to control group. However, no significant difference in the relative weight of kidney was found in all four groups. It is noteworthy that at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks after exposure, the morphological alteration of renal tubules were observed in all treated groups, especially in group-IV. Also, at 4 and 6 weeks, notable DNA damage was found in all treated groups, as assessed by significantly increasing trend of comet length tailing ratio. Conclusion: The study manifests that presence of NaF and SO2 will not only induce renal tissue lesions but also impact DNA integrity. In addition, this combined exposure exhibits a synergistic effect, characterizing a dose-dependence and time correlation. These findings may provide novel insights regarding perturbations of DNA damage and its functions as a potential new mechanism, by which cautious interpretation of NaF and SO2 co-exposure evolved in both animals and human beings is necessary

Penaeid shrimp genome provides insights into benthic adaptation and frequent molting

Crustacea, the subphylum of Arthropoda which dominates the aquatic environment, is of major importance in ecology and fisheries. Here we report the genome sequence of the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei, covering similar to 1.66 Gb (scaffold N50 605.56 Kb) with 25,596 protein-coding genes and a high proportion of simple sequence repeats (>23.93%). The expansion of genes related to vision and locomotion is probably central to its benthic adaptation. Frequent molting of the shrimp may be explained by an intensified ecdysone signal pathway through gene expansion and positive selection. As an important aquaculture organism, L. vannamei has been subjected to high selection pressure during the past 30 years of breeding, and this has had a considerable impact on its genome. Decoding the L. vannamei genome not only provides an insight into the genetic underpinnings of specific biological processes, but also provides valuable information for enhancing crustacean aquaculture

A Mini-System Integrated with Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Sensor and Micro-Packed Gas Chromatographic Column

In this work, a mini monitoring system integrated with a microfabricated metal oxide array sensor and a micro packed gas chromatographic (GC) column was developed for monitoring environmental gases. The microfabricated packed GC column with a 1.6 m length was used to separate the environmental gas, and the metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) array sensor, fabricated with nano-sized SnO-SnO2 sensitive materials, was able to effectively detect each component separated by GC column. The results demonstrate that the monitoring system can detect environmental gas with high precision

Quantitative calculation of GOR of complex oil-gas-water systems with logging data: A case study of the Yingdong Oil/Gas Field in the Qaidam Basin

In the Yingdong Oil/Gas Field of the Qaidam Basin, multiple suites of oil-gas-water systems overlie each other vertically, making it difficult to accurately identify oil layers from gas layers and calculate gas-oil ratio (GOR). Therefore, formation testing and production data, together with conventional logging, NMR and mud logging data were integrated to quantitatively calculate GOR. To tell oil layers from gas layers, conventional logging makes use of the excavation effect of compensated neutron log, NMR makes use of the different relaxation mechanisms of light oil and natural gas in large pores, while mud logging makes use of star chart of gas components established based on available charts and mathematical statistics. In terms of the quantitative calculation of GOR, the area ratio of the star chart of gas components was first used in GOR calculation. The study shows that: (1) conventional logging data has a modest performance in distinguishing oil layers from gas layers due to the impacts of formation pressure, hydrogen index (HI), shale content, borehole conditions and invasion of drilling mud; (2) NMR is quite effective in telling oil layers from gas layers, but cannot be widely used due to its high cost; (3) by contrast, the star chart of gas components is the most effective in differentiating oil layers from gas layers; and (4) the GOR calculated by using the area ratio of star chart has been verified by various data such as formation testing data, production data and liquid production profile

A Transosseous Suture as an Alternative to Suture Anchor on Anterior‐Avulsion Greater Tuberosity Fragment Fixation in Neer Three‐Part Proximal Humeral Fracture: A Biomechanical Study

Objective Greater tuberosity (GT) fragments were communicated, and additional techniques to increase the GT fragment stability after the locking plate fixation was necessary. This study aimed to analyze the reinforcement effects on the anterior‐avulsion GT fragment in Neer three‐part proximal humeral fractures (PHFs) using transosseous suture and suture anchor techniques. Methods Eighteen fresh‐frozen human cadaveric shoulder specimens were used in the study. Standardized fracture of the GT and surgical neck was created in 18 human cadaveric proximal humerus. The GT fragments were reinforced with transosseous suture (TS), suture anchor (SA), and suture in addition to the PHILOS plate fixation. The fixed humerus was tested by applying static loading to the supraspinatus tendon. Load forces and fragment displacement were evaluated by a biomechanical testing machine, and the load to 3‐ and 5‐mm displacements, load to failure, and mode of failure were recorded for all specimens. Nonparametric variables were examined by the Kruskal–Wallis test, and the Bonferroni post hoc test was used to analyze the mean loads to create 3‐ and 5‐mm displacements as well as the failure load. Results The age, female proportion, and bone mineral density showed no statistically significant differences between the three groups. The mean loading force to create 3‐mm and 5‐mm displacement in the TS group (254.9 ± 77.4, 309.6 ± 152.7) were significantly higher than those in the suture group (136.1 ± 16.7, 193.4 ± 14.5) (P = 0.024, P = 0.005). For the SA group, the force to create 3‐ and 5‐mm displacement (204.3 ± 60.9, 307.8 ± 73.5) were comparable to those in the TS group (P = 0.236, P = 0.983). Moreover, the loading force to failure in the TS group (508.6 ± 217.7) and SA group (406.6 ± 114.9) was significantly higher than that in the suture group (265.9 ± 52.1) (P = 0.021, P = 0.024). In the TS group, three failed due to tendon‐bone junction rupture; bone tunnel broken occurred in two specimens; suture rupture could also be seen in one specimen. All specimens in the suture group failed because of suture rupture. In the SA group, three specimens failed due to suture rupture; two failed secondary to tendon‐bone junction rupture; and one failed because of shaft fracture. Conclusions Transosseous suture is a new type of reinforcement for GT fragment in Neer‐three part PHFs. The transosseous suture was superior to the suture only in the reinforcement of the anterior‐avulsion GT fragment of Neer three‐part PHFs, and it had comparable biomechanical strength to the suture anchor

Efficacy of hyperthermic intrathoracic chemotherapy for initially diagnosed lung cancer with symptomatic malignant pleural effusion

Abstract Initially diagnosed malignant pleural effusion (MPE) has different systematic treatments, and defining the best drainage regimen according to the responsiveness of MPE to different systematic treatments is important. This study compared the efficacy of hyperthermic intrathoracic chemotherapy (HITHOC) and pleural catheter drainage (IPCD) for initially diagnosed lung cancer with symptomatic MPE. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of initially diagnosed lung cancer patients with symptomatic MPE between January 2018 and May 2022. The patients were treated with IPCD or HITHOC for local control of MPE after diagnosis. Systematic regimens were conducted during 1 month according to guidelines after local treatment. Intrathoracic MPE progression-free survival (iPFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated, Univariate and multivariable Cox-regression were used to identify factors associated with iPFS and OS. A total of 33 patients were evaluated; 10 (30.3%) patients received IPCD, and 23 (69.7%) patients received HITHOC. No difference in the MPE control rate at 1 month was found between the IPCD group (90%) and HITHOC group (95.7%). However, this control rate was significantly higher in the HITHOC group (69.6%) than in the IPCD group (30%) at 3 months (P = 0.035). Multivariate analysis showed that receiving tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) or chemotherapy was a significant protective factor for iPFS (HR = 0.376, 95% CI 0.214–0.659, P = 0.007) and OS (HR = 0.321, 95% CI 0.174–0.594, P < 0.001). According to subgroup analysis, among patients treated with TKIs, those who received HITHOC had longer iPFS and OS than those who received IPCD (P = 0.011 and P = 0.002, respectively), but this difference was not found in the palliative care subgroup. Moreover, no patients treated with chemotherapy showed reaccumulation of MPE. Systematic TKIs or chemotherapy prolonged iPFS and OS for those initially diagnosed with lung cancer with symptomatic MPE. HITHOC prolonged iPFS and OS for those treated with systematic TKIs