Kaplan-Meier estimate of 3-year survival for overall, cancer-specific, recurrence-free survival.

<p>Log-rank test indicates that overall survival, cancer specific survival and recurrence free survival among LRC and ORC groups are not significantly different.</p

Graphene Thickness Control via Gas-Phase Dynamics in Chemical Vapor Deposition

Graphene has attracted intense research interest due to its exotic properties and potential applications. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on Cu foils has shown great promises for macroscopic growth of high-quality graphene. By delicate design and control of the CVD conditions, here we demonstrate that a nonequilibrium steady state can be achieved in the gas phase along the CVD tube, that is, the active species from methane cracking increase in quantity, which results in a thickness increase continually for graphene grown independently at different positions downstream. In contrast, uniform monolayer graphene is achieved everywhere if Cu foils are distributed simultaneously with equal distance in the tube, which is attributed to the tremendous density shrink of the active species in the gas phase due to the sink effect of the Cu substrates. Our results suggest that the gas-phase reactions and dynamics are critical for the CVD growth of graphene and further demonstrate that the graphene thickness from the CVD growth can be fine-tuned by controlling the gas-phase dynamics. A similar strategy is expected to be feasible to control the growth of other nanostructures from gas phases as well

Pathological results.

<p>*Student t test was used for statistical analysis.</p><p>**Chi-square tests was used for statistical analysis.</p

Operative and postoperative characteristics.

<p>*Student t test was used for statistical analysis.</p><p>**Chi-square tests was used for statistical analysis.</p>#<p>Mann-Whitney U was used for statistical analysis.</p

Postoperative complications.

†<p>Patients was diagnosed as infection when they presented continuous fever and antibiotics were considered as the most effective treatment to cure it.</p>‡<p>Ileus was diagnosed when gas- fluid levels were seen in abdominal X-rays.</p>a<p>Treated by fistula resection and Intestinal anastomosis.</p>b<p>One of them treated by fistula resection and Ileostomy, the other one with urine leakage from ileo-ureteral anastomosis healed spontaneously.</p>c<p>All Three treated with primary suture after wound debridement.</p>d<p>Both of them treated by retrograde placement of single J stent with flexible cystoscopy remained indwelling for 8 weeks.</p><p>**Chi-square tests was used for statistical analysis.</p

Baseline patient characteristics.

<p>LRC = laparoscopic radical cystectomy; ORC = open radical cystectomy; IQR = Interquartile range; BMI = body mass index; Hb = hemoglobin; SCR = Serum creatinine; ALB  = serum albumin; MC = multidisciplinary consultation; ASA =  American society of anesthesiologists; COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.</p><p>*Student t test was used for statistical analysis.</p><p>**Chi-square tests was used for statistical analysis.</p

Quantum Control of Graphene Plasmon Excitation and Propagation at Heaviside Potential Steps

Quantum mechanical effects of single particles can affect the collective plasmon behaviors substantially. In this work, the quantum control of plasmon excitation and propagation in graphene is demonstrated by adopting the variable quantum transmission of carriers at Heaviside potential steps as a tuning knob. First, the plasmon reflection is revealed to be tunable within a broad range by varying the ratio γ between the carrier energy and potential height, which originates from the quantum mechanical effect of carrier propagation at potential steps. Moreover, the plasmon excitation by free-space photos can be regulated from fully suppressed to fully launched in graphene potential wells also through adjusting γ, which defines the degrees of the carrier confinement in the potential wells. These discovered quantum plasmon effects offer a unified quantum-mechanical solution toward ultimate control of both plasmon launching and propagating, which are indispensable processes in building plasmon circuitry

Propensity-score adjusted comparison of surgical outcomes for RPN and OPN.

<p>IQR  =  interquartile range; RPN  =  robotic partial nephrectomy; OPN  =  open partial nephrectomy; OR  =  operative room; EBL  =  estimated blood loss; LOS  =  length of stay; VAPS  =  visual analog pain scale; CKD  =  chronic kidney disease.</p><p>*SURGICEL.</p>#<p>defined as a decreased level of Hb requiring blood transfusion or surgical/endoscopic/radiologic intervention 24 hr after surgery or later.</p>ξ<p>defined as extra-renal urine extravasation that required prolonged maintenance of a drain, re-insertion of a drain, insertion of a ureteral stent or other surgical intervention. All leaks were verified by drain fluid chemical analysis. Cases of urinary leak in both RPN and OPN groups were managed expectantly.</p

Propensity-score adjusted multivariable stepwise logistic regression analysis for surgical outcomes of RPN versus OPN.

<p>RPN  =  robotic partial nephrectomy; OPN  =  open partial nephrectomy; OR  =  operative room; EBL  =  estimated blood loss; LOS  =  length of stay; CKD  =  chronic kidney disease.</p><p>*Models adjusted for age, gender, baseline Charlson comorbidity index, BMI, ASA, and DAP score.</p

An Effort to Use Human-Based Exome Capture Methods to Analyze Chimpanzee and Macaque Exomes

<div><p>Non-human primates have emerged as an important resource for the study of human disease and evolution. The characterization of genomic variation between and within non-human primate species could advance the development of genetically defined non-human primate disease models. However, non-human primate specific reagents that would expedite such research, such as exon-capture tools, are lacking. We evaluated the efficiency of using a human exome capture design for the selective enrichment of exonic regions of non-human primates. We compared the exon sequence recovery in nine chimpanzees, two crab-eating macaques and eight Japanese macaques. Over 91% of the target regions were captured in the non-human primate samples, although the specificity of the capture decreased as evolutionary divergence from humans increased. Both intra-specific and inter-specific DNA variants were identified; Sanger-based resequencing validated 85.4% of 41 randomly selected SNPs. Among the short indels identified, a majority (54.6%–77.3%) of the variants resulted in a change of 3 base pairs, consistent with expectations for a selection against frame shift mutations. Taken together, these findings indicate that use of a human design exon-capture array can provide efficient enrichment of non-human primate gene regions. Accordingly, use of the human exon-capture methods provides an attractive, cost-effective approach for the comparative analysis of non-human primate genomes, including gene-based DNA variant discovery.</p> </div