The distribution of the percentage of HS references in HSS article.

<p>The distribution of the percentage of HS references in HSS article.</p

Temperature-Dependent Order-to-Order Transition of Polystyrene-<i>block</i>-poly(ethylene-<i>co</i>-butylene)-<i>block</i>-polystyrene Triblock Copolymer under Multilayered Confinement

The order-to-order transition (OOT) plays a key role in the nanotechnological applications of block copolymer (BCP) and is dramatically dependent on the spatial environment. A multilayer-confined space has been fabricated by layer-multiplying coextrusion technology to investigate the OOT mechanism of polystyrene-<i>block</i>-poly­(ethylene-<i>co</i>-butylene)-<i>block</i>-polystyrene triblock copolymer (SEBS) under multilayered confinement. The parallel oriented ordering front, whose OOT temperature is lower than that of the bulk due to higher free energy, is induced by the “substrate surface effect” in the SEBS layers of the multilayer specimens. The OOT temperature of SEBS is mainly decided by the volume fraction of ordering front. The propagation distance maximum of the “substrate surface effect” is about 220 nm. Only when the thickness of SEBS layer is less than this critical value is the whole SEBS layer fully filled with the ordering front. As a result, the OOT temperature first decreases rapidly and then tends to be a constant value with the decrease of layer thickness. This turning point of layer thickness is found to locate around 220 nm. Finally, the change of transition temperature region with the layer thickness has been explained by the fact that the bulk, thin layer samples (less than turning point) and thick layer samples (more than turning point) have different OOT mechanisms

The average numbers of STAM references to each HSS discipline.

<p>The average numbers of STAM references to each HSS discipline.</p

Double-edged sword of interdisciplinary knowledge flow from hard sciences to humanities and social sciences: Evidence from China

<div><p>Humanities and Social Sciences (HSS) increasingly absorb knowledge from Hard Sciences, i.e., Science, Technology, Agriculture and Medicine (STAM), as testified by a growing number of citations. However, whether citing more Hard Sciences brings more citations to HSS remains to be investigated. Based on China’s HSS articles indexed by the Web of Science during 1998–2014, this paper estimated two-way fixed effects negative binomial models, with journal effects and year effects. Findings include: (1) An inverse U-shaped curve was observed between the percentage of STAM references to the HSS articles and the number of citations they received; (2) STAM contributed increasing knowledge to China’s HSS, while Science and Technology knowledge contributed more citations to HSS articles. It is recommended that research policy should be adjusted to encourage HSS researchers to adequately integrate STAM knowledge when conducting interdisciplinary research, as over-cited STAM knowledge may jeopardize the readability of HSS articles.</p></div

Descriptive statistics and pearson correlation coefficient of variables in the short-term citation window (three-year)(N = 31,335).

<p>Descriptive statistics and pearson correlation coefficient of variables in the short-term citation window (three-year)(N = 31,335).</p

The longitudinal trend of the average numbers of STAM references to HSS articles.

<p>The longitudinal trend of the average numbers of STAM references to HSS articles.</p

Fixed effects negative binomial models: The percentage of hard sciences references and short-term citation (three-year) (N = 31,335).

<p>Fixed effects negative binomial models: The percentage of hard sciences references and short-term citation (three-year) (N = 31,335).</p

Fixed effects negative binomial models: The percentage of hard sciences references and long-term citations (ten-year) (N = 3,240).

<p>Fixed effects negative binomial models: The percentage of hard sciences references and long-term citations (ten-year) (N = 3,240).</p

Relationship between the estimated values of citation impact and the ratios of HS references.

<p>Relationship between the estimated values of citation impact and the ratios of HS references.</p

Descriptive statistics and pearson correlation coefficient of variables in the long-term citation window (ten-year) (N = 3,920).

<p>Descriptive statistics and pearson correlation coefficient of variables in the long-term citation window (ten-year) (N = 3,920).</p