74,054 research outputs found
Quantum limited measurements of atomic scattering properties
We propose a method to perform precision measurements of the interaction
parameters in systems of N ultra-cold spin 1/2 atoms. The spectroscopy is
realized by first creating a coherent spin superposition of the two relevant
internal states of each atom and then letting the atoms evolve under a
squeezing Hamiltonian. The non-linear nature of the Hamiltonian decreases the
fundamental limit imposed by the Heisenberg uncertainty principle to N^(-2), a
factor of N smaller than the fundamental limit achievable with non-interacting
atoms. We study the effect of decoherence and show that even with decoherence,
entangled states can outperform the signal to noise limit of non-entangled
states. We present two possible experimental implementations of the method
using Bose-Einstein spinor condensates and fermionic atoms loaded in optical
lattices and discuss their advantages and disadvantages.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures. References adde
Expanded mixed multiscale finite element methods and their applications for flows in porous media
We develop a family of expanded mixed Multiscale Finite Element Methods
(MsFEMs) and their hybridizations for second-order elliptic equations. This
formulation expands the standard mixed Multiscale Finite Element formulation in
the sense that four unknowns (hybrid formulation) are solved simultaneously:
pressure, gradient of pressure, velocity and Lagrange multipliers. We use
multiscale basis functions for the both velocity and gradient of pressure. In
the expanded mixed MsFEM framework, we consider both cases of separable-scale
and non-separable spatial scales. We specifically analyze the methods in three
categories: periodic separable scales, - convergence separable scales, and
continuum scales. When there is no scale separation, using some global
information can improve accuracy for the expanded mixed MsFEMs. We present
rigorous convergence analysis for expanded mixed MsFEMs. The analysis includes
both conforming and nonconforming expanded mixed MsFEM. Numerical results are
presented for various multiscale models and flows in porous media with shales
to illustrate the efficiency of the expanded mixed MsFEMs.Comment: 33 page
A fast and robust approach to long-distance quantum communication with atomic ensembles
Quantum repeaters create long-distance entanglement between quantum systems
while overcoming difficulties such as the attenuation of single photons in a
fiber. Recently, an implementation of a repeater protocol based on single
qubits in atomic ensembles and linear optics has been proposed [Nature 414, 413
(2001)]. Motivated by rapid experimental progress towards implementing that
protocol, here we develop a more efficient scheme compatible with active
purification of arbitrary errors. Using similar resources as the earlier
protocol, our approach intrinsically purifies leakage out of the logical
subspace and all errors within the logical subspace, leading to greatly
improved performance in the presence of experimental inefficiencies. Our
analysis indicates that our scheme could generate approximately one pair per 3
minutes over 1280 km distance with fidelity (F>78%) sufficient to violate
Bell's inequality.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures, 5 tables (Two appendixes are added to justify
two claims used in the maintext.
Phase-reference VLBI Observations of the Compact Steep-Spectrum Source 3C 138
We investigate a phase-reference VLBI observation that was conducted at 15.4
GHz by fast switching VLBA antennas between the compact steep-spectrum radio
source 3C 138 and the quasar PKS 0528+134 which are about 4 away on the
sky. By comparing the phase-reference mapping with the conventional hybrid
mapping, we demonstrate the feasibility of high precision astrometric
measurements for sources separated by 4. VLBI phase-reference mapping
preserves the relative phase information, and thus provides an accurate
relative position between 3C 138 and PKS 0528+134 of
and
(J2000.0) in right ascension and declination, respectively. This gives an
improved position of the nucleus (component A) of 3C 138 in J2000.0 to be
RA= and Dec= under the
assumption that the position of calibrator PKS 0528+134 is correct. We further
made a hybrid map by performing several iterations of CLEAN and
self-calibration on the phase-referenced data with the phase-reference map as
an input model for the first phase self-calibration. Compared with the hybrid
map from the limited visibility data directly obtained from fringe fitting 3C
138 data, this map has a similar dynamic range, but a higher angular
resolution. Therefore, phase-reference technique is not only a means of phase
connection, but also a means of increasing phase coherence time allowing
self-calibration technique to be applied to much weaker sources.Comment: 9 pages plus 2 figures, accepted by PASJ (Vol.58 No.6
Young's modulus of Graphene: a molecular dynamics study
The Young's modulus of graphene is investigated through the intrinsic thermal
vibration in graphene which is `observed' by molecular dynamics, and the
results agree quite well with the recent experiment [Science \textbf{321}, 385
(2008)]. This method is further applied to show that the Young's modulus of
graphene: 1. increases with increasing size and saturation is reached after a
threshold value of the size; 2. increases from 0.95 TPa to 1.1 TPa as
temperature increases in the region [100, 500]K; 3. is insensitive to the
isotopic disorder in the low disorder region (), and decreases gradually
after further increasing the disorder percentage.Comment: accepted by PRB, brief report, discussion on Poisson ratio adde
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