Strongly anisotropic vortices in dipolar quantum droplets

We construct strongly anisotropic quantum droplets with embedded vorticity in the 3D space, with mutually perpendicular vortex axis and polarization of the atomic magnetic moments. Stability of these anisotropic vortex quantum droplets (AVQDs) is verified by means of systematic simulations. Their stability area is identified in the parametric plane of the total atom number and scattering length of contact interactions. The application of torque perpendicular to the vorticity axis gives rise to robust intrinsic oscillations or rotation of the AVQDs. Collisions between slowly and fast moving AVQDs give rise, respectively, to the elastic outcome or merger. Finally, we construct stable vortex-antivortex-vortex bound states and find their stability regions in the parameter space.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figures, and 66 Reference

Genetic algorithm optimization for storing arbitrary multimode transverse images in thermal atomic vapor

Storing multimode transverse images in atomic media is crucial in constructing large-scale quantum networks. A major obstacle of storing transverse images in the thermal atomic vapor is the distortion of the retrieved images caused by atomic diffusion. Here, we demonstrate the combination of genetic algorithm with the phase-shift lithography method to construct the optimal phase for an arbitrary transverse image that can diminish the effect of diffusion. Theoretical simulations and experimental results manifest that the retrieved images' resolution can be substantially improved when carrying the optimal phases. Our scheme is efficient and straightforward and can be extensively applied in storing complex transverse multimodes in diffusion media

Isolation and Characterization of a Chinese Hamster Ovary Heparan Sulfate Cell Mutant Defective in Both Met Receptor Binding and Hepatocyte Growth Factor NK1/Met Signaling

Background/Aims: The up-regulation of hepatocyte growth factor/receptor, HGF/Met, signal transduction is observed in most of human cancers. Specific heparan sulfate structures enhance the HGF/Met signaling at both cell and animal-based model systems. Biochemical studies indicate that heparan sulfate interacts with HGF and a natural occurring splicing variant NK1 of HGF with similar affinity. However, it is currently unknown if cell surface heparan sulfate binds to Met at physiological conditions and if specific cell surface heparan sulfate structures are required for effective HGF/Met or NK1/Met signaling. Methods: An established flow sorting strategy was used to isolate a soluble Met recombinant protein-binding positive or negative CHO cell clones different only in specific heparan sulfate structures. The cell surface bindings were imaged by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry analysis. Glucosamine vs. galactosamine contents from media-, cell surface-, and cell association glycosaminoglycans were quantified by HPLC. 35S-sulfate labeled glycosaminoglycans were characterized by anion exchange and size-exclusion HPLC. Heparan sulfate disaccharide compositions were determined by HPLC-MS analysis. Western blot analyses of MAPK-p42/44 were used to monitor HGF- and NK1-facillated Met signaling. Results: CHO-Positive but not CHO-Negative cell surface heparan sulfate bound to Met recombinant protein and HGF/NK1 further promoted the binding. Overall glycosaminoglycan analysis results indicated that the CHO-Negative cells had reduced amount of heparan sulfate, shorter chain length, and less 6-O-sulfated disaccharides compared to that of CHO-Positive cells. Moreover, CHO-Negative cells were defective in NK1/Met but not HGF/Met signaling. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that soluble Met recombinant protein bound to cell surface HS at physiological conditions and a Met /HGF or NK1/HS ternary signaling complex might be involved in Met signaling. Shorter HS chains and reduced 6-O-sulfation might be responsible for reduced Met binding and the diminished NK1-initiated signaling in the CHO-Negative cells. The unique CHO-Positive and CHO-Negative cell clones established in current study should be effective tools for studying the role of specific glycosaminoglycan structures in regulating Met signaling. Such knowledge should be useful in developing glycosaminoglycan-based compounds that target HGF/Met signaling

Blockchain-Based Decentralized Application: A Survey

Blockchain-based decentralized applications (DApp) draw more attention with the increasing development and wide application of blockchain technologies. A wealth of funds are invested into the crowd-funding of various types of DApp. As reported in August 2022, there are more than 5,000 DApps with more than 1.67 million daily Unique Active Wallets (users). However, the definition, architectures, and classifications of the DApps are still not cleared up till now. This survey aims to provide a comprehensive overview of DApps for further research. First, the definitions and typical architectures of DApps are presented. Then we collect 3,118 popular DApps and categorize them into different types, and summarize their typical advantages and challenges. Finally, we provide an overview of the recent research problems of DApps from the perspectives of economics, security, and performance and then figure out promising research opportunities in the future

Applying blockchain-based method to smart contract classification for CPS applications

Smart contract has been the core of blockchain systems and other blockchain-based systems since Blockchain 2.0. Various operations on blockchain are performed through the invocation and execution of smart contracts. This leads to extensive combinations between blockchain, smart contract, Internet of Things (IoT) and Cyber-Physical System (CPS) applications, and then many blockchain-based IoT or CPS applications emerge to provide multiple benefits to the economy and society. In this case, obtaining a better understanding of smart contracts will contribute to the easier operation, higher efficiency and stronger security of those blockchain-based systems and applications. Many existing studies on smart contract analysis are based on similarity calculation and smart contract classification. However, smart contract is a piece of code with special characteristics and most of smart contracts are stored without any category labels, which leads to difficulties of smart contract classification. As the back end of a blockchain-based Decentralized Application (DApp) is one or several smart contracts, DApps with labeled categories and open source codes are applied to achieve a supervised smart contract classification. A three-phase approach is proposed to categorize DApps based on various data features. In this approach, 5,659 DApps with smart contract source codes and pre-tagged categories are first obtained based on massive collected DApps and smart contracts from Ethereum, State of the DApps and DappRadar. Then feature extraction and construction methods are designed to form multi-feature vectors that could present the major characteristics of DApps. Finally, a fused classification model consisting of KNN, XGBoost and random forests is applied to the multi-feature vectors of all DApps for performing DApp classification. The experimental results show that the method is effective. In addition, some positive correlations between feature variables and categories, as well as several user behavior patterns of DApp calls, are found in this paper

Nesfatin-1 decreases excitability of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra

Nesfatin-1, a newly discovered satiety molecule which reduces feeding behavior, has been recognized as a unique regulatory neuropeptide with its multiple roles, both central and peripheral. However, whether it had neuronal modulation effect on dopaminergic neurons is largely unknown. In the present study, using whole-cell patch clamp under current-clamp mode, we investigate the effects of nesfatin-1 on the electrical activity of rat nigral dopaminergic neurons. Nesfatin-1 could produce a resting membrane potential hyperpolarization on the majority of dopaminergic neurons tested. The spike frequency decreased by 23.13 ± 5.93 and 43.20 ± 5.56 % in 5-nM and 10-nM nesfatin-1 groups, respectively. These effects persisted in the presence of ionotropic glutamate and GABA receptor antagonists. Our study suggests that nesfatin-1 postsynaptically inhibits the electrical activity of nigral dopaminergic neurons.status: publishe

Genetic algorithm optimization for storing arbitrary multimode transverse images in thermal atomic vapor

Storing multimode transverse images in atomic media is crucial in constructing large-scale quantum networks. A major obstacle of storing transverse images in the thermal atomic vapor is the distortion of the retrieved images caused by atomic diffusion. Here, we demonstrate the combination of genetic algorithm with the phase-shift lithography method to construct the optimal phase for an arbitrary transverse image that can diminish the effect of diffusion. Theoretical simulations and experimental results manifest that the retrieved images' resolution can be substantially improved when carrying the optimal phases. Our scheme is efficient and straightforward and can be extensively applied in storing complex transverse multimodes in diffusion media

Zero-Optical-Distance Mini-LED Backlight with Cone-Shaped Light Coupling Microstructures

This paper presents a zero-optical-distance mini-LED backlight with cone-shaped light coupling microstructures to achieve an ultra-thin backlight architecture (~0.1 mm thickness) by combining the characteristics of direct-lit and edge-lit backlights. There is no gap between the light guide plate (LGP) and the reflector, as well as between the LGP and the mini-LED embedded in the reflector. The illuminance uniformity and light extraction efficiency (LEE) of the whole structure reach 91.47% and 77.09%, respectively. Nine sub-modules are spliced together to realize 2D local dimming with 0.29% crosstalk. The structure shows high optical performance while reducing the thickness of the backlight module, which is of great significance for the development of mini-LED backlights