Numerical analysis of the influencing factors on the performance of a pipe-embedded window operated in summer

The pipe-embedded window is a double window structure with pipes embedded inside the cavity to adjust the temperature. The preliminary studies showed that it can significantly reduce the cooling load of buildings with natural cooling sources such as the water from cooling towers in summer. However, the research on the influencing factors of the pipeembedded window is insufficient. In this paper, the numerical calculation models are established for a pipe-embedded window and a traditional window. The influence of climatic factors, such as the natural cooling source temperature and outdoor air temperature on the thermal performance of the pipe-embedded window are studied. Based on these, the building energy efficiency is analysed. The results show that the thermal resistance of the pipeembedded window is basically constant. A linear relationship has been found between the inner surface heat flux, pipe heat flux, interlayer mean air temperature and the outdoor air temperature, mean water temperature or solar radiation intensity. The solar radiation intensity, water temperature, outdoor air temperature is ranked from most to least influence. The location of pipe has little effect on the temperature field and heat transfer of a pipe-embedded window. In summer, the difference between inner-glass and outer-glass insulation is small

Xiezhi: An Ever-Updating Benchmark for Holistic Domain Knowledge Evaluation

New Natural Langauge Process~(NLP) benchmarks are urgently needed to align with the rapid development of large language models (LLMs). We present Xiezhi, the most comprehensive evaluation suite designed to assess holistic domain knowledge. Xiezhi comprises multiple-choice questions across 516 diverse disciplines ranging from 13 different subjects with 220,000 questions and accompanied by Xiezhi-Specialty and Xiezhi-Interdiscipline, both with 15k questions. We conduct evaluation of the 47 cutting-edge LLMs on Xiezhi. Results indicate that LLMs exceed average performance of humans in science, engineering, agronomy, medicine, and art, but fall short in economics, jurisprudence, pedagogy, literature, history, and management. We anticipate Xiezhi will help analyze important strengths and shortcomings of LLMs, and the benchmark is released in https://github.com/MikeGu721/XiezhiBenchmark .Comment: Under review of NeurIPS 202

Beyond the Obvious: Evaluating the Reasoning Ability In Real-life Scenarios of Language Models on Life Scapes Reasoning Benchmark~(LSR-Benchmark)

This paper introduces the Life Scapes Reasoning Benchmark (LSR-Benchmark), a novel dataset targeting real-life scenario reasoning, aiming to close the gap in artificial neural networks' ability to reason in everyday contexts. In contrast to domain knowledge reasoning datasets, LSR-Benchmark comprises free-text formatted questions with rich information on real-life scenarios, human behaviors, and character roles. The dataset consists of 2,162 questions collected from open-source online sources and is manually annotated to improve its quality. Experiments are conducted using state-of-the-art language models, such as gpt3.5-turbo and instruction fine-tuned llama models, to test the performance in LSR-Benchmark. The results reveal that humans outperform these models significantly, indicating a persisting challenge for machine learning models in comprehending daily human life

Simulation on the effect of local exhaust ventilation in removing surgical smoke

The indoor environment of the operating room has a significant impact on the health of personnel. Compared with the pollutants released from occupants, the amount of pollutants generated by surgical equipment is greater, which easily affects the health of patients and doctors. In this study, local exhaust ventilation (LEV) is applied to an operating room and LEV is mounted near the operation zone to remove the surgical smoke from the surgical equipment. CFD technique is used and the surgical smoke concentration reduction potential under different inlet air volumes and different inlet areas of LEV is studied. The results show that compared with the traditional method, when the inlet area of each LEV is set to 0.030 m2, the surgical smoke concentration can be reduced by 10.8%-39.2% as the inlet air volume increases from 0.003 to 0.027 m3/s; when the inlet air volume of each LEV is set to 0.015 m3/s, the surgical smoke concentration can be reduced by 24.7%-31.6% as the inlet area varies from 0.015 to 0.060 m2. This study shows that the LEV has a good potential in reducing surgical smoke concentration in the operating room. Keywords: operating room, local exhaust ventilation, laminar airflow, surgical smoke, CF

Building Solar Cells from Nanocrystal Inks

The use of solution-processed photovoltaics is a low cost, low material-consuming way to harvest abundant solar energy. Organic semiconductors based on perovskite or colloidal quantum dot photovoltaics have been well developed in recent years; however, stability is still an important issue for these photovoltaic devices. By combining solution processing, chemical treatment, and sintering technology, compact and efficient CdTe nanocrystal (NC) solar cells can be fabricated with high stability by optimizing the architecture of devices. Here, we review the progress on solution-processed CdTe NC-based photovoltaics. We focus particularly on NC materials and the design of devices that provide a good p−n junction quality, a graded bandgap for extending the spectrum response, and interface engineering to decrease carrier recombination. We summarize the progress in this field and give some insight into device processing, including element doping, new hole transport material application, and the design of new devices

Sustainable Management for Fresh Food E-Commerce Logistics Services

This article determines the quality factors which improve the satisfaction of logistics services, and the specific evaluation items that customers value. Moreover, this study verifies the moderating effect of consumers on the perceived importance of last-mile logistics services, and its impact on logistics service satisfaction. Through a literature review, the conceptual model is determined, and measurement scales are developed. Furthermore, we collect data through online surveys and employ structural equation modeling, hierarchical regression analysis, and importance–performance analysis methods in order to analyze the collected data, and to test the research hypotheses. The findings of this study are as follows. First, the qualities of personal contact, timeliness, and empathy in the fresh food e-commerce logistics service quality evaluation system have a significant positive impact on the fresh food e-commerce logistics service consumer satisfaction, but the delivery quality and information quality are not significant. Second, consumers’ perceived importance of last-mile logistics services has a positive and significant impact on the consumer satisfaction of fresh food e-commerce logistics services. Moreover, as a moderating variable, its moderating effect has limitations: it only affects the relationship between information quality, timeliness quality, empathy quality, and consumer satisfaction. Finally, in the three evaluation dimensions of information quality, timeliness quality, and empathy quality, specific items that need to be further improved are identified. This study enriches and supplements the empirical research in the field of fresh food e-commerce logistics, and provides academic literature with a reference value for fresh food e-commerce logistics enterprises

Monodisperse Ag Nanoparticle-Decorated Bacterial Nanocellulose as Flexible Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Sensors for Trace Detection of Toxic Thiram

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is becoming an attractive technique for applications in food safety detection, environmental monitoring, disease diagnosis, and molecular identification. However, SERS substrates often suffer from low sensitivity, poor signal homogeneity, and stability. Herein, solution-processable monodisperse Ag nanoparticles (M-AgNPs) with an average diameter of 66 nm are synthesized by a size-controllable seeded-growth method. Furthermore, the M-AgNPs were coated on the surface of bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) to form flexible monodisperse Ag nanoparticles@bacterial nanocellulose (M-Ag@BNC) SERS sensors by a simple vacuum-assisted filtration. The SERS performance of flexible M-Ag@BNC substrates with various M-Ag loadings is systematically investigated. Due to the highly homogeneous distribution of M-AgNPs, the optimal M-Ag-12@BNC SERS sensor exhibits high sensitivity with a detection sensitivity of 10–13 M for methylene blue, excellent reproducibility (relative standard deviation (RSD) = 4.48%), and prominent storage stability (over 20 days). Besides, the hydrophilic BNC with good permeability and adsorption properties can absorb target molecules in the high-density hot-spot regions to further enhance SERS performance. Finite-difference time domain (FDTD) is also used to simulate and verify the strong electric field distribution of a M-AgNP-based SERS sensor. Finally, the M-Ag-12@BNC SERS sensor is successfully applied to detect pesticide residues on irregular fruit surfaces by a simple and feasible paste-and-read method. The sensitivity of a flexible M-Ag@BNC SERS sensor for thiram is up to 10–8 M. The flexible, ultrasensitive, and stable M-Ag@BNC SERS sensor exhibits potential applications in trace identification of hazardous organic molecules

Sustainable management for fresh food e-commerce logistics services

This article determines the quality factors which improve the satisfaction of logistics services, and the specific evaluation items that customers value. Moreover, this study verifies the moderating effect of consumers on the perceived importance of last-mile logistics services, and its impact on logistics service satisfaction. Through a literature review, the conceptual model is determined, and measurement scales are developed. Furthermore, we collect data through online surveys and employ structural equation modeling, hierarchical regression analysis, and importance–performance analysis methods in order to analyze the collected data, and to test the research hypotheses. The findings of this study are as follows. First, the qualities of personal contact, timeliness, and empathy in the fresh food e-commerce logistics service quality evaluation system have a significant positive impact on the fresh food e-commerce logistics service consumer satisfaction, but the delivery quality and information quality are not significant. Second, consumers’ perceived importance of last-mile logistics services has a positive and significant impact on the consumer satisfaction of fresh food e-commerce logistics services. Moreover, as a moderating variable, its moderating effect has limitations: it only affects the relationship between information quality, timeliness quality, empathy quality, and consumer satisfaction. Finally, in the three evaluation dimensions of information quality, timeliness quality, and empathy quality, specific items that need to be further improved are identified. This study enriches and supplements the empirical research in the field of fresh food e-commerce logistics, and provides academic literature with a reference value for fresh food e-commerce logistics enterprises.Published versionThis research was funded by the 4th Educational Training Program for the Shipping, Port and Logistics from the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries: 2021