15 research outputs found
Engineering flat bands in twisted-bilayer graphene away from the magic angle with chiral optical cavities
Twisted bilayer graphene (TBG) is a recently discovered two-dimensional
superlattice structure which exhibits strongly-correlated quantum many-body
physics, including strange metallic behavior and unconventional
superconductivity. Most of TBG exotic properties are connected to the emergence
of a pair of isolated and topological flat electronic bands at the so-called
magic angle, , which are nevertheless very
fragile. In this work, we show that, by employing chiral optical cavities, the
topological flat bands can be stabilized away from the magic angle in an
interval of approximately . As highlighted by a
simplified theoretical model, time reversal symmetry breaking, induced by the
chiral nature of the cavity, plays a fundamental role in flattening the
isolated bands and gapping out the rest of the spectrum. The efficiency of the
cavity is discussed as a function of the twisting angle, the light-matter
coupling and the optical cavity characteristic frequency. Our results
demonstrate the possibility of engineering flat bands in TBG using optical
devices, extending the onset of strongly-correlated topological electronic
phases in Moir\'e superlattices to a wider range in the twisting angle.Comment: v1: comments welcome
A quantitative theoretical model of the boson peak based on stringlet excitations
The boson peak (BP), a low-energy excess in the vibrational density of states
over the phonon Debye contribution, is usually identified as one of the
distinguishing features between ordered crystals and amorphous solid materials.
Despite decades of efforts, its microscopic origin still remains a mystery and
a consensus on its theoretical derivation has not yet been achieved. Recently,
it has been proposed, and corroborated with simulations, that the BP might stem
from intrinsic localized modes which involve string-like excitations
("stringlets") having a one-dimensional (1D) nature. In this work, we build on
a theoretical framework originally proposed by Lund that describes the
localized modes as 1D vibrating strings, but we specify the stringlet size
distribution to be exponential, as observed in independent simulation studies.
We show that a generalization of this framework provides an analytically
prediction for the BP frequency in the temperature regime well
below the glass transition temperature in both 2D and 3D amorphous systems. The
final result involves no free parameters and is in quantitative agreement with
prior simulation observations. Additionally, this stringlet theory of the BP
naturally reproduces the softening of the BP frequency upon heating and offers
an analytical explanation for the experimentally observed scaling with the
shear modulus in the glass state and changes in this scaling in cooled liquids.
Finally, the theoretical analysis highlights the existence of a strong damping
for the stringlet modes at finite temperature which leads to a large
low-frequency contribution to the 3D vibrational density of states, as observed
in both experiments and simulations
Correlation between optical phonon softening and superconducting in YBaCuO
We provide an extended mathematical description of the strong correlation
between the experimentally observed softening of Raman modes associated with
in-plane oxygen motions and the corresponding superconducting critical
temperature , as a function of oxygen doping , in YBaCuO.
The model provides a direct link between physical trends of soft optical
(in-plane) oxygen modes, the level of oxygen doping , and the
superconducting . Different regimes observed in the trend of vs
doping can be mechanistically explained in terms of corresponding regimes of
optical phonon softening in the Raman spectra. These results provide further
evidence related to the physical origin of high-temperature superconductivity
in rare-earth cuprate oxides and to the significant role of electron-phonon
coupling therein
Glassy heat capacity from overdamped phasons and a hypothetical phason-induced superconductivity in incommensurate structures
Phasons are collective low-energy modes that appear in disparate condensed
matter systems such as quasicrystals, incommensurate structures, fluctuating
charge density waves, and Moir\'e superlattices. They share several
similarities with acoustic phonon modes, but they are not protected by any
exact translational symmetry. As a consequence, they are subject to a
wavevector independent damping, and they develop a finite pinning frequency,
which destroy their acoustic linearly propagating dispersion. Under a few and
simple well-motivated assumptions, we compute the phason density of states, and
we derive the phason heat capacity as a function of the temperature. Finally,
imagining a hypothetical s-wave pairing channel with electrons, we compute the
critical temperature of the corresponding superconducting state as a
function of phason damping using the Eliashberg formalism. We find that for
large phason damping, the heat capacity is linear in temperature, showing a
distinctive glass-like behavior. Additionally, we observe that the phason
damping can strongly enhance the effective Eliashberg coupling, and we reveal a
sharp non-monotonic dependence of the superconducting temperature on the
phason damping, with a maximum located at the underdamped to overdamped
crossover scale. Our simple computations confirm the potential role of
overdamped modes in explaining the glassy properties of incommensurate
structures, but also in possibly inducing strongly-coupled superconductivity
therein, and enhancing the corresponding .Comment: v2: appendices added, references adde
Sharp Kohn-like phonon anomalies due to charge order can strongly enhance the superconducting
Phonon softening is a ubiquitous phenomenon in condensed matter systems which
is usually associated with charge density wave (CDW) instabilities and
anharmonicity. The interplay between phonon softening, CDW and
superconductivity is a topic of intense debate. In this work, the effects of
anomalous soft phonon instabilities on superconductivity are studied based on a
recently developed theoretical framework that accounts for phonon damping and
softening within the Migdal-Eliashberg theory. Model calculations show that the
phonon softening in the form of a sharp dip in the phonon dispersion relation,
either acoustic or optical (including the case of Kohn-type anomalies typically
associated with CDW), can cause a manifold increase of the electron-phonon
coupling constant . This, under certain conditions, which are
consistent with the concept of optimal frequency introduced by Bergmann and
Rainer, can produce a large increase of the superconducting transition
temperature . In summary, our results suggest the possibility of reaching
high-temperature superconductivity by exploiting soft phonon anomalies
restricted in momentum space.Comment: v2: references added, discussion improve
When Bifunctional Catalyst Encounters Dual MLC Modes: DFT Study on the Mechanistic Preference in Ru-PNNH Pincer Complex Catalyzed Dehydrogenative Coupling Reaction
Metal
ligand cooperation (MLC) plays an important role in the development
of homogeneous catalysts. Two major MLC modes have generally been
proposed, known as the M-L bond mode and the (de)Âaromatization mode.
To reveal the role of the dual potential functional sites on the MLC
process, we present a detailed mechanistic study on a novel-designed
Ru-PNNH complex possessing dual potential MLC functional sites for
the M-L bond mode and the (de)Âaromatization mode, respectively. Our
results indicate that the Ru-PNNH complex prefers the M-L mode exclusively
during different stages of the catalytic cycle. The unusual double
deprotonation process and the mechanistic preference are rationalized.
The N-arm deprotonation is attributed to the small steric hindrance
of the amido N-arm and the conjugation stabilization effect of the
amido group. The origin of the unexpected exclusive mechanistic preference
on the M-L bond mechanism is due to the conjugation effect of the
amido group, which stabilizes the dearomatized complex and diminishes
the driving force of the (de)Âaromatization mode. This study highlights
the pivotal role of the ligand’s electronic effect on the MLC
mechanism and should provide valuable information for the development
of highly efficient bifunctional catalysts
The Effect of HSAB on Stereoselectivity: Copper- and Gold-Catalyzed 1,3-Phosphatyloxy and 1,3-Halogen Migration Relay to 1,3-Dienes
The origin of stereodivergence between
copper- and gold-catalyzed
cascade 1,3-phosphatyloxy and 1,3-halogen migration from α-halo-propargylic
phosphates to 1,3-dienes is rationalized with density functional theory
(DFT) studies. Our studies reveal the significant role of the relative
hardness/softness of the metal centers in determining the reaction
mechanism and the stereoselectivity. The relative harder CuÂ(I/III)
center prefers an associative pathway with the aid of a phosphate
group, leading to the (<i>Z</i>)-1,3-dienes. In contrast,
the relative softer AuÂ(I/III) center tends to undergo a dissociative
pathway without coordination to a phosphate group, resulting in the
(<i>E</i>)-1,3-dienes, where the <i>E</i> type
of transition state is favored due to the steric effect. Our findings
indicate the intriguing role of hard–soft/acid–base
(HSAB) theory in tuning the stereoselectivity of metal-catalyzed transformations
with functionalized substrates
Two-Dimensional Charge-Separated Metal–Organic Framework for Hysteretic and Modulated Sorption
A charge-separated
metal–organic framework (MOF) has been successfully synthesized
from an imidazolium tricarboxylate ligand, <i>N</i>-(3,5-dicarboxylphenyl)-<i>N</i>′-(4-carboxylbenzyl)Âimidazolium chloride (DCPCBImH<sub>3</sub>Cl), and a zincÂ(II) dimeric secondary building unit, namely, <b>DCPCBim-MOF-Zn</b>, which shows an unprecedented 3,6-connected
two-dimensional net topology with the point (Schläfli) symbol
(4<sup>2</sup>.6)<sub>2</sub>(4<sup>4</sup>.6<sup>9</sup>.8<sup>2</sup>). The framework contains one-dimensional highly polar channels,
and density functional theory calculations show that positive charges
are located on the imidazolium/phenyl rings and negative charges on
the carboxylate moieties. The charge-separated nature of the pore
surface has a profound effect in their adsorption behavior, resulting
in remarkable hysteretic sorption of various gases and vapors. For
CO<sub>2</sub>, the hysteretic sorption was observed to occur even
up to 298 K. Additionally, trace chloride anions present in the pore
channels are able to modulate the gas-sorption behavior
Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide Using Half-Sandwich Cobalt, Rhodium, and Iridium Complexes: DFT Study on the Mechanism and Metal Effect
The hydrogenation of carbon dioxide
catalyzed by half-sandwich
transition metal complexes (M = Co, Rh, and Ir) was studied systematically
through density functional theory calculations. All metal complexes
are found to process a similar mechanism, which involves two main
steps, the heterolytic cleavage of H<sub>2</sub> and the hydride transfer.
The heterolytic cleavage of H<sub>2</sub> is the rate-determining
step. The comparison of three catalytic systems suggests that the
Ir catalyst has the lowest activation free energy (13.4 kcal/mol).
In contrast, Rh (14.2 kcal/mol) and Co (18.3 kcal/mol) catalysts have
to overcome relatively higher free energy barriers. The different
catalytic efficiency of Co, Rh, and Ir is attributed to the back-donation
ability of different metal centers, which significantly affects the
H<sub>2</sub> heterolytic cleavage. The highest activity of an iridium
catalyst is attributed to its strong back-donation ability, which
is described quantitatively by the second order perturbation theory
analysis. Our study indicates that the functional group of the catalyst
plays versatile roles on the catalytic cycle to facilitate the reaction.
It acts as a base (deprotonated) to assist the heterolytic cleavage
of H<sub>2</sub>. On the other hand, during the hydride transfer,
it can also serve as Brønsted acid (protonated) to lower the
LUMO of CO<sub>2</sub>. This ligand assisted pathway is more favorable
than the direct attack of hydride to CO<sub>2</sub>. These finds highlight
that the unique features of the metal center and the functional ligands
are crucial for the catalyst design in the hydrogenation of carbon
dioxide
General H<sub>2</sub> Activation Modes for Lewis Acid–Transition Metal Bifunctional Catalysts
A general mechanism for H<sub>2</sub> activation by Lewis acid–transition
metal (LA-TM) bifunctional catalysts has been presented via density
functional theory (DFT) studies on a representative nickel borane
system, (<sup>Ph</sup>DPB<sup>Ph</sup>)ÂNi. There are four typical
H<sub>2</sub> activation modes for LA-TM bifunctional catalysts: (1)
the cis homolytic mode, (2) the trans homolytic mode, (3) the synergetic
heterolytic mode, and (4) the dissociative heterolytic mode. The feature
of each activation mode has been characterized by key transition state
structures and natural bond orbital analysis. Among these four typical
modes, (<sup>Ph</sup>DPB<sup>Ph</sup>)Ni catalyst most prefers the
synergetic heterolytic mode (Δ<i>G</i><sup>‡</sup> = 29.7 kcal/mol); however the cis homolytic mode cannot be totally
disregarded (Δ<i>G</i><sup>‡</sup> = 33.7 kcal/mol).
In contrast, the trans homolytic mode and dissociative heterolytic
mode are less feasible (Δ<i>G</i><sup>‡</sup> = ∼42 kcal/mol). The general mechanistic picture presented
here is fundamentally important for the development and rational design
of LA-TM catalysts in the future