The Methods of Spatial Data Mining and Its Application

With the arrive of big-data age, it is increasingly important to know about Spatial Data Mining.This paper is designed to offer effective reference about future development trend of the spatial data mining as well as its several common methods and their application

Orbital Angular Momentum Waves: Generation, Detection and Emerging Applications

Orbital angular momentum (OAM) has aroused a widespread interest in many fields, especially in telecommunications due to its potential for unleashing new capacity in the severely congested spectrum of commercial communication systems. Beams carrying OAM have a helical phase front and a field strength with a singularity along the axial center, which can be used for information transmission, imaging and particle manipulation. The number of orthogonal OAM modes in a single beam is theoretically infinite and each mode is an element of a complete orthogonal basis that can be employed for multiplexing different signals, thus greatly improving the spectrum efficiency. In this paper, we comprehensively summarize and compare the methods for generation and detection of optical OAM, radio OAM and acoustic OAM. Then, we represent the applications and technical challenges of OAM in communications, including free-space optical communications, optical fiber communications, radio communications and acoustic communications. To complete our survey, we also discuss the state of art of particle manipulation and target imaging with OAM beams

Switching of Control Mechanisms during the Rapid Solidification of a Melt Pool

The Solidification of Alloys is Typically Controlled by Solute Diffusion Due to the Solute Partitioning Happening at the Solid-Liquid Interface. in This Study, We Show that the Switching from Solute Diffusion-Controlled Growth to Thermal Diffusion-Controlled Growth May Happen at the Solidification Front during Rapid Solidification Processes of Alloys Such as Additive Manufacturing using a Phase-Field Model. the Switching is Found to Be Triggered by the Cooling of the Solid-Liquid Interface When It Becomes Colder Than the Solidus Temperature. the Switching Introduces a Sudden Jump of Growth Velocity, an Increase in Solute Concentration, and the Refining of the Resulting Microstructures. All Those Changes Predicted by the Phase-Field Simulations Agree with Experimental Observations Quantitatively. the Switching of Control Mechanisms Can Be Exploited by Manipulating the Processing Conditions to Form Refined Microstructures or Layered Structures for Improved Mechanical Properties

Local authority in the Han dynasty : focus on the Sanlao

University of Technology Sydney. Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences.This thesis examines the social structure and culture of the Han dynasty, with a focus on a type of local authority that played a supplementary role in the Han administrative structure and a vital role in cultural construction: the Sanlao. The social position of the Sanlao originated in the Zhou dynasty, and gradually became the title for local non-official leaders during the Spring and Autumn period. The rescript issued in the second year of the reign of the Emperor Gaozu of the Han dynasty shows that local people were appointed by the government as Sanlao at county and township levels. This means that the Sanlao were recognised in their appointment by the imperial court and participated in the bureaucratic system as semi-officials. During the reign of the Emperors Gaozu, Wen, and Jing, the essential function of the Sanlao in local areas was to maintain social stability, mentor local officials and mediate conflicts among commoners. The Sanlao first played a role as advisors, where they provided vital information for the decision-making process throughout the government hierarchy. Case studies show that they acted as remonstrators, persuaders and critics by providing information directly to emperors. Secondly, they mentored local officials with local knowledge to assist with governing affairs. This was based on their experience in local areas and they worked with the Upright and Elder officials to change the governing practice of the Han dynasty. Thirdly, they acted as mediators to resolve conflicts between people and helped local officials in legal affairs. Sanlao also worked as local leaders involved in witnessing wills and appealing to filial piety and fraternal duty to settle lawsuits. Seen from these perspectives, Sanlao can be viewed as providing an important assistant role in governance. Sanlao first emerged spontaneously as folk leaders during the Spring and Autumn Period and then gradually became the intermediary popular authority of local societies bridging the gap between the state bureaucracy and the population. The institutionalised Sanlao system played a vital role in keeping society stable during the Han dynasty

Functional Analysis of Drosophila Integrator Complex in snRNA 3\u27 End Processing

Uridine-rich small nuclear RNAs (U snRNAs) play essential roles in eukaryotic gene expression by facilitating the removal of introns from mRNA precursors and the processing of the replication-dependent histone pre-mRNAs. Formation of the 3’ end of these snRNAs is carried out by a poorly characterized, twelve-membered protein complex named Integrator Complex. In the effort to understand Integrator Complex function in the formation of the snRNA 3’ end, we performed a functional RNAi screen in Drosophila S2 cells to identify protein factors required for snRNA 3’ end formation. This screen was conducted by using a fluorescence-based reporter that elicits GFP expression in response to a deficiency in snRNA processing. Besides scoring the known Integrator subunits, we identified Asunder and CG4785 as additional core members of the Integrator Complex. Additionally, we also found a conserved requirement for Cyclin C and Cdk8 in both fly and human snRNA 3’ end processing. We have further demonstrated that the kinase activity of Cdk8 is critical for snRNA 3’ end processing and is likely to function independent of its well-documented function within the Mediator Cdk8 module. Taken together, this work functionally defines the Drosophila Integrator Complex and demonstrates a novel function for Cyclin C/Cdk8 in snRNA 3’ end formation. This thesis work has also characterized an important functional interaction mediated by a microdomain within Integrator subunit 12 (IntS12) and IntS1 that is required for the activity of the Integrator Complex in processing the snRNA 3’ end. Through the development of a reporter-based functional RNAi-rescue assay in Drosophila S2 cells, we analyzed domains within IntS12 required for snRNA 3’ end formation. This analysis unexpectedly revealed that an N-terminal 30 amino acid region and not the highly conserved central PHD finger domain, is required for snRNA 3’ end cleavage. The IntS12 microdomain (1-45) functions autonomously, and is sufficient to interact and stabilize the putative scaffold protein IntS1. Our findings provide more details of the Integrator Complex for understanding the molecular mechanism of snRNA 3’ end processing. Moreover, these results lay the foundation for future studies of the complex through the identification of a novel functional domain within one subunit and the identification of additional subunits