2,154 research outputs found

    Asymptotic Efficiency in Stackelberg Markets with Incomplete Information

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    This paper examines the asymptotic (in)efficiency of Stackelberg markets with incomplete information. Firms who are early in the queue make their quantity choices based on limited information and their output choices are likely to deviate from those optimal under complete information. Due to the presence of both payoff externality and information externality, the output deviations of early firms have a lasting effect on all subsequent output decisions. Consequently, the total market output diverges from the competitive equilibrium output even as the number of firms goes to infinity. That is, Stackelberg markets with incomplete information are asymptotically inefficient with probability one. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG - (Asymptotische Effizienz in Stackelberg-Märkten mit unvollständiger Information) In diesem Beitrag wird die asymptotische (In-)Effizienz von Stackelberg-Märkten mit unvollständiger Information untersucht. Unternehmen, die frühzeitig auf den Markt kommen, bestimmen ihre Ausbringungsmengen unter unvollständiger Information. Aus diesem Grunde sind ihre Mengenentscheidungen im allgemeinen verschieden von den optimalen Ausbringungsmengen unter vollständiger Information. Auszahlungswirksame Externalitäten und Informationsexternalitäten bewirken, daß die Mengenentscheidungen der frühzeitig auf den Markt treffenden Unternehmen zu pfadabhängigen Mengen -entscheidungen nachfolgender Unternehmen führen. Im Ergebnis ist dann die gesamte Ausbringungsmenge aller Unternehmen verschieden von dem Konkurrenzgleichgewicht - selbst dann, wenn die Anzahl der Unternehmen gegen unendlich strebt. Das heißt, Stackelberg- Märkte mit unvollständiger Information sind asymptotisch ineffizient mit der Wahrscheinlichkeit eins.

    Monitoring of dry sliding wear using fractal analysis

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    Reliable online monitoring of wear remains a challenge to tribology research as well as to the industry. This\ud paper presents a new method for monitoring of dry sliding wear using digital imaging and fractal analysis.\ud Fractal values, namely fractal dimension and intercept, computed from the power spectrum of the images of a\ud wearing surface, are adopted as indicators of the dynamic wear process. Experimental results show that\ud progressive changes of fractal values might reveal the wear status of the surface

    Detection and monitoring of wear using imaging methods

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    Wear is traditionally measured offline. This thesis discusses a new methodology for online detection and monitoring of wear. The study comprises the design of an online wear testing apparatus and the development of techniques for online wear detection and monitoring using imaging methods

    Asymptotic efficiency in Stackelberg markets with incomplete information

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    "In diesem Beitrag wird die asymptotische (In-)Effizienz von Stackelberg-Märkten mit unvollständiger Information untersucht. Unternehmen, die frühzeitig auf den Markt kommen, bestimmen ihre Ausbringungsmengen unter unvollständiger Information. Aus diesem Grunde entsprechen ihre Mengenentscheidungen im allgemeinen nicht den optimalen Ausbringungsmengen unter vollständiger Information. Auszahlungswirksame Externalitäten und Informationsexternalitäten bewirken, daß die Mengenentscheidungen der frühzeitig auf den Markt treffenden Unternehmen zu pfadabhängigen Mengenentscheidungen nachfolgender Unternehmen führen. Im Ergebnis ist dann die gesamte Ausbringungsmenge aller Unternehmen verschieden von dem Konkurrenzgleichgewicht - selbst dann, wenn die Anzahl der Unternehmen gegen unendlich strebt. Demzufolge sind Stackelberg-Märkte mit unvollständiger Information asymptotisch ineffizient mit der Wahrscheinlichkeit eins." (Autorenreferat)"This paper examines the asymptotic (in)efficiency of Stackelberg markets with incomplete information. Firms who are early in the queue make their quantity choices based on limited information and their output choices are likely to deviate from those optimal under complete information. Due to the presence of both payoff externality and information externality, the output deviations of early firms have a lasting effect on all subsequent output decisions. Consequently, the total market output diverges from the competitive equilibrium output even as the number of firms goes to infinity. That is, Stackelberg markets with incomplete information are asymptotically inefficient with probability one." (author's abstract

    Learning to Predict Charges for Criminal Cases with Legal Basis

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    The charge prediction task is to determine appropriate charges for a given case, which is helpful for legal assistant systems where the user input is fact description. We argue that relevant law articles play an important role in this task, and therefore propose an attention-based neural network method to jointly model the charge prediction task and the relevant article extraction task in a unified framework. The experimental results show that, besides providing legal basis, the relevant articles can also clearly improve the charge prediction results, and our full model can effectively predict appropriate charges for cases with different expression styles.Comment: 10 pages, accepted by EMNLP 201

    Transposition of Reversed Ac Element Ends Generates Novel Chimeric Genes in Maize

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    The maize Activator/Dissociation (Ac/Ds) elements are members of the hAT (hobo, Ac, and Tam3) superfamily of type II (DNA) transposons that transpose through a “cut-and-paste” mechanism. Previously, we reported that a pair of Ac ends in reversed orientation is capable of undergoing alternative transposition reactions that can generate large-scale chromosomal rearrangements, including deletions and inversions. We show here that rearrangements induced by reversed Ac ends transposition can join the coding and regulatory sequences of two linked paralogous genes to generate a series of chimeric genes, some of which are functional. To our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating that alternative transposition reactions can recombine gene segments, leading to the creation of new genes
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