Uridylation and adenylation of RNAs.

The posttranscriptional addition of nontemplated nucleotides to the 3' ends of RNA molecules can have a significant impact on their stability and biological function. It has been recently discovered that nontemplated addition of uridine or adenosine to the 3' ends of RNAs occurs in different organisms ranging from algae to humans, and on different kinds of RNAs, such as histone mRNAs, mRNA fragments, U6 snRNA, mature small RNAs and their precursors etc. These modifications may lead to different outcomes, such as increasing RNA decay, promoting or inhibiting RNA processing, or changing RNA activity. Growing pieces of evidence have revealed that such modifications can be RNA sequence-specific and subjected to temporal or spatial regulation in development. RNA tailing and its outcomes have been associated with human diseases such as cancer. Here, we review recent developments in RNA uridylation and adenylation and discuss the future prospects in this research area

Untangling Cycles for Contour Grouping

We introduce a novel topological formulation for contour grouping. Our grouping criterion, called untangling cycles, exploits the inherent topological 1D structure of salient contours to extract them from the otherwise 2D image clutter. To define a measure for topological classification robust to clutter and broken edges, we use a graph formulation instead of the standard computational topology. The key insight is that a pronounced 1D contour should have a clear ordering of edgels, to which all graph edges adhere, and no long range entanglements persist. Finding the contour grouping by optimizing these topological criteria is challenging. We introduce a novel concept of circular embedding to encode this combinatorial task. Our solution leads to computing the dominant complex eigenvectors/ eigenvalues of the random walk matrix of the contour grouping graph. We demonstrate major improvements over state-of-the-art approaches on challenging real images

Does Market Welcome the International Convergence of Fair Value Standard in China?

This paper studies the international convergence of fair value measurement standard and examines market reactions towards the emergence of the standard in China. Through comparing the fair value measurement standard between IFRS 13 and newest Chinese accounting standard CAS 39, we find that CAS 39 is on the way of international convergence towards IFRS 13. Through examining market reactions to CAS 39, we find that market has significantly positive reactions to the draft version exposure, official announcement, and enforcement of CAS 39. Moreover, we find that investors have different attitudes to the applications of CAS 39 in financial and non-financial industries. Investors consistently support CAS 39 in non-financial industries. However, in financial industries, investors react positively in the draft version exposure of CAS 39, but negatively in the official announcement and enforcement of CAS 39. We believe that investors worry about the application of CAS 39 in Chinese financial industries