3,252 research outputs found
Effects of degree distribution in mutual synchronization of neural networks
We study the effects of the degree distribution in mutual synchronization of
two-layer neural networks. We carry out three coupling strategies: large-large
coupling, random coupling, and small-small coupling. By computer simulations
and analytical methods, we find that couplings between nodes with large degree
play an important role in the synchronization. For large-large coupling, less
couplings are needed for inducing synchronization for both random and
scale-free networks. For random coupling, cutting couplings between nodes with
large degree is very efficient for preventing neural systems from
synchronization, especially when subnetworks are scale-free.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
Trapped interacting two-component bosons
In this paper we solve one dimensional trapped SU(2) bosons with repulsive
-function interaction by means of Bethe-ansatz method. The features of
ground state and low-lying excited states are studied by numerical and analytic
methods. We show that the ground state is an isospin "ferromagnetic" state
which differs from spin-1/2 fermions system. There exist three quasi-particles
in the excitation spectra, and both holon-antiholon and holon-isospinon
excitations are gapless for large systems. The thermodynamics equilibrium of
the system at finite temperature is studied by thermodynamic Bethe ansatz. The
thermodynamic quantities, such as specific heat etc. are obtained for the case
of strong coupling limit.Comment: 15 pages, 9 figure
Fidelity, dynamic structure factor, and susceptibility in critical phenomena
Motivated by the growing importance of fidelity in quantum critical
phenomena, we establish a general relation between fidelity and structure
factor of the driving term in a Hamiltonian through a newly introduced concept:
fidelity susceptibility. Our discovery, as shown by some examples, facilitates
the evaluation of fidelity in terms of susceptibility using well developed
techniques such as density matrix renormalization group for the ground state,
or Monte Carlo simulations for the states in thermal equilibrium.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, final version accepted by PR
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Illuminating cell signaling with genetically encoded FRET biosensors in adult mouse cardiomyocytes.
FRET-based biosensor experiments in adult cardiomyocytes are a powerful way of dissecting the spatiotemporal dynamics of the complicated signaling networks that regulate cardiac health and disease. However, although much information has been gleaned from FRET studies on cardiomyocytes from larger species, experiments on adult cardiomyocytes from mice have been difficult at best. Thus the large variety of genetic mouse models cannot be easily used for this type of study. Here we develop cell culture conditions for adult mouse cardiomyocytes that permit robust expression of adenoviral FRET biosensors and reproducible FRET experimentation. We find that addition of 6.25 µM blebbistatin or 20 µM (S)-nitro-blebbistatin to a minimal essential medium containing 10 mM HEPES and 0.2% BSA maintains morphology of cardiomyocytes from physiological, pathological, and transgenic mouse models for up to 50 h after adenoviral infection. This provides a 10-15-h time window to perform reproducible FRET readings using a variety of CFP/YFP sensors between 30 and 50 h postinfection. The culture is applicable to cardiomyocytes isolated from transgenic mouse models as well as models with cardiac diseases. Therefore, this study helps scientists to disentangle complicated signaling networks important in health and disease of cardiomyocytes
Fast Projected Newton-like Method for Precision Matrix Estimation with Nonnegative Partial Correlations
We study the problem of estimating precision matrices in multivariate
Gaussian distributions where all partial correlations are nonnegative, also
known as multivariate totally positive of order two (). Such
models have received significant attention in recent years, primarily due to
interesting properties, e.g., the maximum likelihood estimator exists with as
few as two observations regardless of the underlying dimension. We formulate
this problem as a weighted -norm regularized Gaussian maximum
likelihood estimation under constraints. On this direction, we
propose a novel projected Newton-like algorithm that incorporates a
well-designed approximate Newton direction, which results in our algorithm
having the same orders of computation and memory costs as those of first-order
methods. We prove that the proposed projected Newton-like algorithm converges
to the minimizer of the problem. We further show, both theoretically and
experimentally, that the minimizer of our formulation using the weighted
-norm is able to recover the support of the underlying precision matrix
correctly without requiring the incoherence condition present in -norm
based methods. Experiments involving synthetic and real-world data demonstrate
that our proposed algorithm is significantly more efficient, from a
computational time perspective, than the state-of-the-art methods. Finally, we
apply our method in financial time-series data, which are well-known for
displaying positive dependencies, where we observe a significant performance in
terms of modularity value on the learned financial networks.Comment: 43 pages; notation updated for section
TRUNDD, a new member of the TRAIL receptor family that antagonizes TRAIL signalling
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/116376/1/feb2s0014579398001355.pd
Spatial prisoner's dilemma game with volunteering in Newman-Watts small-world networks
A modified spatial prisoner's dilemma game with voluntary participation in
Newman-Watts small-world networks is studied. Some reasonable ingredients are
introduced to the game evolutionary dynamics: each agent in the network is a
pure strategist and can only take one of three strategies (\emph {cooperator},
\emph {defector}, and \emph {loner}); its strategical transformation is
associated with both the number of strategical states and the magnitude of
average profits, which are adopted and acquired by its coplayers in the
previous round of play; a stochastic strategy mutation is applied when it gets
into the trouble of \emph {local commons} that the agent and its neighbors are
in the same state and get the same average payoffs. In the case of very low
temptation to defect, it is found that agents are willing to participate in the
game in typical small-world region and intensive collective oscillations arise
in more random region.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure
Evolutionary prisoner's dilemma game with dynamic preferential selection
We study a modified prisoner's dilemma game taking place on two-dimensional
disordered square lattices. The players are pure strategists and can either
cooperate or defect with their immediate neighbors. In the generations each
player update its strategy by following one of the neighboring strategies with
a probability dependent on the payoff difference. The neighbor selection obeys
a dynamic preferential rule, i.e., the more frequently a neighbor's strategy
was adopted by the focal player in the previous rounds, the larger probability
it will be chosen to refer to in the subsequent rounds. It is found that
cooperation is substantially promoted due to this simple selection mechanism.
Corresponding analysis is provided by the investigations of the distribution of
players' impact weights, persistence, and as well as correlation function.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure
Walks on weighted networks
We investigate the dynamics of random walks on weighted networks. Assuming
that the edge's weight and the node's strength are used as local information by
a random walker, we study two kinds of walks, weight-dependent walk and
strength-dependent walk. Exact expressions for stationary distribution and
average return time are derived and confirmed by computer simulations. We
calculate the distribution of average return time and the mean-square
displacement for two walks on the BBV networks, and find that a
weight-dependent walker can arrive at a new territory more easily than a
strength-dependent one.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures. minor modifications. Comments and suggestions are
favored by the author
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An efficient multi-locus mixed model framework for the detection of small and linked QTLs in F2
In the genetic system that regulates complex traits, metabolites, gene expression levels, RNA editing levels and DNA methylation, a series of small and linked genes exist. To date, however, little is known about how to design an efficient framework for the detection of these kinds of genes. In this article, we propose a genome-wide composite interval mapping (GCIM) in F2. First, controlling polygenic background via selecting markers in the genome scanning of linkage analysis was replaced by estimating polygenic variance in a genome-wide association study. This can control large, middle and minor polygenic backgrounds in genome scanning. Then, additive and dominant effects for each putative quantitative trait locus (QTL) were separately scanned so that a negative logarithm P-value curve against genome position could be separately obtained for each kind of effect. In each curve, all the peaks were identified as potential QTLs. Thus, almost all the small-effect and linked QTLs are included in a multi-locus model. Finally, adaptive least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (adaptive lasso) was used to estimate all the effects in the multi-locus model, and all the nonzero effects were further identified by likelihood ratio test for true QTL identification. This method was used to reanalyze four rice traits. Among 25 known genes detected in this study, 16 small-effect genes were identified only by GCIM. To further demonstrate GCIM, a series of Monte Carlo simulation experiments was performed. As a result, GCIM is demonstrated to be more powerful than the widely used methods for the detection of closely linked and small-effect QTLs
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