Reevaluation of the density dependence of nucleon radius and mass in the global color symmetry model of QCD

With the global color symmetry model (GCM) at finite chemical potential, the density dependence of the bag constant, the total energy and the radius of a nucleon in nuclear matter is investigated. A relation between the nuclear matter density and the chemical potential with the action of QCD being taken into account is obtained. A maximal nuclear matter density for the existence of the bag with three quarks confined within is given. The calculated results indicate that, before the maximal density is reached, the bag constant and the total energy of a nucleon decrease, and the radius of a nucleon increases slowly, with the increasing of the nuclear matter density. As the maximal nuclear matter density is reached, the mass of the nucleon vanishes and the radius becomes infinite suddenly. It manifests that a phase transition from nucleons to quarks takes place.Comment: 18 pages, 3 figure

MiR-28-3p enhances healing of fracture via negative regulation of the target gene Sox6 and activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway

Purpose: To investigate the effect of miR-28-3p on fracture healing, and the involvement of Sox6 gene and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in the process.Methods: Mouse osteoblast cell lines were cultured in vitro, and miR-28-3p over-expression and inhibitory plasmids were separately added to the medium. The corresponding control groups were set up. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to measure the mRNA expressions of the osteogenesis-related genes Col1a1, Col-Ⅱ and Col-X in osteoblasts. The protein expressions of Sox6, Col1a1, Col-Ⅱ, Col-X, PI3K, p-PI3K, Akt and p-Akt in rat cartilage tissue were determined with Western blotting assay.Results: The expression of Sox6 protein in the miR-28-3p over-expression group was significantly reduced, when compared with the miR-28 overexpression control, but Sox6 protein expression in the miR-28-3p inhibition group was significantly increased, relative to inhibition control group (p < 0.05). In the miR-28-3p over-expression and Sox6 over-expression groups, Col1a1 protein expression was significantly increased, while Col-Ⅱ and Col-X protein expressions decreased, when compared with the respective over-expression control group (p < 0.05). Over-expression of miR-28-3p markedly upregulated phosphorylation levels of PI3K and Akt, relative to over-expression control group, while miR-28-3p inhibition significantly downregulated the phosphorylations of PI3K and Akt, relative to the inhibition control group (p < 0.05).Conclusion: Over-expression of miR-28-3p may enhance the healing of fractures by induction of PI3K/Akt signaling route via negative regulation of the expression of Sox6 gene. Keywords: MiR-28-3p, Sox6, PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, Fracture healin

Nonlinear modelling and adaptive fuzzy control of PEMFC

To improve the stability and performance of fuel cells, the operating temperature of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) should be controlled within a specified range. However, most existing mathematical models of PEMFC are too complex to be applied effectively in the control process. In this paper, adaptive fuzzy identification and control models of PEMFC are developed based on input-output sampled data and experts\u27 experience. The parameters of the identifier and controller are regulated by an adaptive learning algorithm, the network structure and the rule database are modified by adjusting the parameters. In the end, the simulation results of the online control model are presented and show the effectiveness