Differentially expressed mRNAs in RSV-infected and mock-inoculated rice plants.

<p>(A) Total numbers of up- and down-regulated DEGs; (B) Differentially expressed mRNAs in RSV-infected (RI-1~RI-3) and mock-inoculated (CK-1~CK-2) rice plants. Every row shows a different gene. Green, black and red indicate expression levels of genes, respectively low, medium and high.</p

The global cellular responses of susceptible rice plants to RSV infection.

<p>Green and red rows/columns indicate that expression levels of miRNAs/ genes were down- or up-regulated, respectively.</p

The fold changes of two pairs of miRNAs and their targets, osa-miR1423-5p/ RPM1 (LOC-Os09g19280) and -1870-5p/ EFR (LOC_Os02g40190), indicating a negative correlation.

<p>The fold changes of two pairs of miRNAs and their targets, osa-miR1423-5p/ RPM1 (LOC-Os09g19280) and -1870-5p/ EFR (LOC_Os02g40190), indicating a negative correlation.</p

The relative levels of 8 differentially expressed disease resistance genes evaluated by qRT-PCR.

<p>These genes were identified as LRR receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase (LOC_Os11g40970) (target of Osa-miR159b), LRR receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase (LOC_Os02g40200) (target of Osa-miR444e), Glucan endo-1,3-beta-glucosidase (LOC_Os01g71340) (target of Osa-miR1320-5p), Cysteine-rich receptor-like protein kinase 8 (LOC_Os07g35680) (target of Osa-miR1429-5p and Osa-miR1432-3p), Brown planthopper-induced resistance protein 6 (LOC_Os02g57280) (target of Osa-miR1432-5p), heat shock protein DnaJ (LOC_Os01g53020) (target of Osa-miR172d-3p), Wall-associated receptor kinase 5 (LOC_Os04g21820) (target of Osa-miR396c-3p), and Putative disease resistance protein RGA4 (LOC_Os10g04570) (target of Osa-miR5072).</p

The relative levels of 20 differentially expressed miRNAs as shown by stem-loop qRT-PCR.

<p>The relative levels of 20 differentially expressed miRNAs as shown by stem-loop qRT-PCR.</p

The plant-pathogen interaction pathways altered by RSV infection.

<p>(A) The plant-pathogen interaction pathways; (B) The relative levels of genes involved in the plant-pathogen interaction pathway evaluated by qRT-PCR. Green and red indicate that the expression of miRNAs/ genes were down- or up-regulated, respectively. These genes included RPM1 (LOC_Os09g19280), EFR (LOC_Os02g40190), SGT1 (LOC_Os08g34740), RAR1 (LOC_Os02g33180), PR1 (LOC_Os03g18850), MPK4 (LOC_Os06g48590), WRKY33 (LOC_Os03g55164), MEKK1 (LOC_Os03g49640), MEK1 (LOC_Os06g05520), and HSP90 (LOC_Os09g29840).</p

Gene ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analysis of differentially expressed mRNAs.

<p>(A) Category of cellular components; (B) Category of molecular functions; (C) Category of biological process.</p

Differentially expressed miRNAs in RSV-infected (RI-1~RI-3) and mock-inoculated (CK-1~CK-2) rice plants.

<p>Every row shows a different miRNA. Green, black and red indicate expression levels of miRNAs, respectively low, medium and high.</p

Cytotoxic Evaluation against Breast Cancer Cells of Isoliquiritigenin Analogues from <i>Spatholobus suberectus</i> and Their Synthetic Derivatives

Five isoliquiritigenin analogues, including a new methylene-bridged bischalcone (<b>1</b>), were isolated from <i>Spatholobus suberectus</i>. Cytotoxicity screening of these isolates and several synthetic derivatives indicated that the introduction, removal, position modification, or glycosylation of hydroxy groups in isoliquiritigenin did not improve the resultant cytotoxicity against the MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell lines. In addition, cyclization of OH-2′ chalcones or reduction of the α,β-unsaturated carbonyl double bond decreased such cytotoxicity substantially. However, methylation of hydroxy groups resulted in a marked increase in such cytotoxic activity. Among these active isoliquiritigenin analogues, 3′,4′,5′,4″-tetramethoxychalcone (<b>3h</b>) was obtained as a compound with promising cytotoxic activity

Additional file 1 of Comparative transcriptomic analysis of salivary glands between the zoophytophagous Cyrtorhinus lividipennis and the phytozoophagous Apolygus lucorum

Supplementary Material