97 research outputs found
Exploring punk subculture in China
This thesis explores the punk phenomenon in China. In order to examine punk members and practices, an ethnographic research was conducted in large-scale cities, such as Beijing and Shanghai, and small-scale cities, such as Wuhan and Huaihua in China, as well as on the Internet. In particular, the thesis focuses on two prominent themes subculture and resistance as the main directions of analysis. Through discussing findings from the three dimensions of the individual, collective and online, it is argued that the Chinese punk phenomenon exists as a subculture and punk subcultural practices can be regarded as manifesting forms of resistance in China.
First, this study presents a detailed individual biography of one punk musician and then further examines those of other participants. It is discovered that subcultural resistance can have a different impact at different stages of a person s life. Second, this study demonstrates forms of collective practices and how they are manifested, and reveals how Chinese punk subculture members collectively produce different forms of subcultural resistance. Finally, this study examines Chinese punk online. It focuses on how online group members produce meanings of their activities and deploy specific techniques to resist online norms and censorship.
Overall this thesis contributes to the ongoing discussions in current field of subcultural studies. By providing a study on punk subculture in China, the research engages empirically in the question of power relations in a society from both individual and collective levels, which has rarely been undertaken before
Culture, boundary, and identity: a comparison of practices between two online punk communities in China
This article analyzes how digital technology can shape cultural practice in Chinese online communities. By using the concepts of boundary and identity, it explores the formation of two online punk communities in China, created by those who are interested in punk music originating from Anglo-American countries. Drawing on data from participant observation and 10 in-depth interviews, this article first reviews literature on Internet culture in China, online communities, boundaries, and identity. It then focuses on the differing practices of the two online punk communities. A discussion is subsequently provided concerning how boundaries are constructed in online communities through the exclusion that is enabled by the technological platform. An analysis of how the members identify themselves with online communities and form punk subcultures encouraged by the boundaries of their respective communities is then presented towards the end of the article. It is through this process that the members empower themselves in their relationships with the surrounding society
Facile Synthesis of Azaarene-Substituted 3-Hydroxy-2-oxindoles via Brønsted Acid Catalyzed sp<sup>3</sup> C–H Functionalization
Brønsted acid catalyzed functionalization of sp<sup>3</sup> C–H bonds in 2-methyl azaarenes has been achieved in the reaction with isatins. This method provides facile synthesis of biologically important azaarene-substituted 3-hydroxy-2-oxindoles in one step in moderate to good yields
Tandem sp<sup>3</sup> C–H Functionlization/Decarboxylation of 2‑Alkylazaarenes with Coumarin-3-carboxylic Acids
The catalyst-free
sp<sup>3</sup> C–H functionalization of
2-alkylazaarenes has been achieved in the reaction with (thio)Âcoumarin-3-carboxylic
acids. Followed by a tandem decarboxylation, this method provides
facile synthesis of biologically important azaarene-substituted 3,4-dihydroÂ(thio)Âcoumarins
in a single step in high yields
Organocatalytic Asymmetric 1,4-Addition of Aldehydes to Acridiniums Catalyzed by a Diarylprolinol Silyl Ether
The organocatalytic enantioselective 1,4-addition of
aldehydes
to acridiniums catalyzed by diarylprolinol silyl ether was achieved
to furnish chiral acridanes in both high yields (82–96%) and
excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99% ee), which also provides
the highly enantioselective intermolecular α-alkylation of aldehydes
with acridiniums salt
One-Pot Synthesis of Three-Dimensional Graphene/Carbon Nanotube/SnO<sub>2</sub> Hybrid Architectures with Enhanced Lithium Storage Properties
Three-dimensional
(3D) graphene/carbon nanotube (CNT)/SnO<sub>2</sub> (GCS) hybrid architectures
were constructed by a facile and cost-effective
self-assembly method through hydrothermal treatment of a mixture of
Sn<sup>2+</sup>, CNTs, and graphene oxide (GO). The resultant GCS
displayed a 3D hierarchically porous structure with large surface
area and excellent electrical conductivity, which could effectively
prevent the aggregation and volume variation of SnO<sub>2</sub> and
accelerate the transport of ions and electrons through 3D pathways.
Benefiting from the unique structure and the synergistic effect of
different components in the hybrid architectures, the GCS exhibited
a remarkably improved reversible capacity of 842 mAh g<sup>–1</sup> after 100 cycles at 0.2 A g<sup>–1</sup> and excellent rate
performance for lithium storage compared with that of graphene/SnO<sub>2</sub> (GS) hybrid architectures. Hence, the impressive results
presented here could provide a universal platform for fabricating
graphene/CNT-based hybrid architectures with promising applications
in various fields
Divergent Asymmetric Syntheses of Podophyllotoxin and Related Family Members via Stereoselective Reductive Ni-Catalysis
A nickel-catalyzed
reductive cascade approach to the efficient
construction of diastereodivergent cores embedded in <i>podophyllum</i> lignans is developed for the first time. Their gram-scale access
paved the way for unified syntheses of naturally occurring podophyllotoxin
and other members
S<sub>N</sub>1‑Type Alkylation of <i>N</i>‑Heteroaromatics with Alcohols
The organocatalytic alkylation of
2-methyl-<i>N</i>-heteroaromatics
with alcohols has been achieved via S<sub>N</sub>1-type CÂ(sp<sup>3</sup>)–H functionalization, providing a green and efficient synthesis
of indole and ferrocene-functionalized <i>N</i>-heteroaromatics
in high yields
Solid-State Thin-Film Supercapacitors with Ultrafast Charge/Discharge Based on N‑Doped-Carbon-Tubes/Au-Nanoparticles-Doped-MnO<sub>2</sub> Nanocomposites
Although carbonaceous materials possess
long cycle stability and high power density, their low-energy density
greatly limits their applications. On the contrary, metal oxides are
promising pseudocapacitive electrode materials for supercapacitors
due to their high-energy density. Nevertheless, poor electrical conductivity
of metal oxides constitutes a primary challenge that significantly
limits their energy storage capacity. Here, an advanced integrated
electrode for high-performance pseudocapacitors has been designed
by growing N-doped-carbon-tubes/Au-nanoparticles-doped-MnO<sub>2</sub> (NCTs/ANPDM) nanocomposite on carbon fabric. The excellent electrical
conductivity and well-ordered tunnels of NCTs together with Au nanoparticles
of the electrode cause low internal resistance, good ionic contact,
and thus enhance redox reactions for high specific capacitance of
pure MnO<sub>2</sub> in aqueous electrolyte, even at high scan rates.
A prototype solid-state thin-film symmetric supercapacitor (SSC) device
based on NCTs/ANPDM exhibits large energy density (51 Wh/kg) and superior
cycling performance (93% after 5000 cycles). In addition, the asymmetric
supercapacitor (ASC) device assembled from NCTs/ANPDM and Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanorods demonstrates ultrafast charge/discharge (10
V/s), which is among the best reported for solid-state thin-film supercapacitors
with both electrodes made of metal oxide electroactive materials.
Moreover, its superior charge/discharge behavior is comparable to
electrical double layer type supercapacitors. The ASC device also
shows superior cycling performance (97% after 5000 cycles). The NCTs/ANPDM
nanomaterial demonstrates great potential as a power source for energy
storage devices
Well-Ordered Oxygen-Deficient CoMoO<sub>4</sub> and Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Nanoplate Arrays on 3D Graphene Foam: Toward Flexible Asymmetric Supercapacitors with Enhanced Capacitive Properties
In
this work, we report the development of well-ordered hydrogenated
CoMoO<sub>4</sub> (H-CoMoO<sub>4</sub>) and hydrogenated Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (H-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) nanoplate arrays on
3D graphene foam (GF) and explore their practice application as binder-free
electrodes in assembling flexible all-solid-state asymmetric supercapacitor
(ASC) devices. Our results show that the monolithic 3D porous GF prepared
by solution casting method using Ni foam template possesses large
surface area, superior electrical conductivity, and sufficient surface
functional groups, which not only facilitate in situ growth of CoMoO<sub>4</sub> and Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanoplates but also contribute
the double-layer capacitance of the resultant supercapacitor. The
well-ordered pseudocapacitive metal oxide nanoplate arrays standing
up on 3D GF scaffold can provide efficient space and shorten the length
for electrolyte diffusion from the outer to the inner region of the
electrode material for Faradaic energy storage. Furthermore, one of
our major findings is that the introduction of oxygen vacancies in
CoMoO<sub>4</sub> and Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanoplates by hydrogenation
treatment can increase their electronic conductivity as well as improve
their donor density and surface properties, which gives rise to a
substantially improved electrochemical performance. Benefiting from
the synergistic contributions of different components in the nanohybrid
electrode, the resultant flexible ASC device with GF/H-CoMoO<sub>4</sub> as the positive electrode and GF/H-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> as
the negative electrode achieves a wide operation voltage of 1.5 V
and a maximum volumetric specific capacitance of 3.6 F cm<sup>–3</sup>, which is two times larger than that of the Ni/GF/CoMoO<sub>4</sub>//Ni/GF/Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> device (1.8 F cm<sup>–3</sup>), and the rate capability is up to 70% as the current density increases
from 2 to 200 mA cm<sup>–3</sup>. Moreover, the Ni/GF/H-CoMoO<sub>4</sub>//Ni/GF/H-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> device also exhibits
a high energy density of 1.13 mWh cm<sup>–3</sup> and a high
power density of 150 mW cm<sup>–3</sup>, good mechanical flexibility
with the decrease in capacitance of less than 4% after being bent
inward to different angles and inward to 90° 200 times, and good
cycling stability of 93.1% capacitance retention after 5000 cycles
- …