2-[(2-Carboxyphenyl)disulfanyl]benzoate (1,5-dimethyl-3-oxo-2-phenyl-2,3-di­hydro-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)ammonium

In the title molecular salt, C11H14N3O+·C14H9O4S2 −, one of the carboxylic groups of the 2,2′-dithio­dibenzoic acid is deprotonated and the exocyclic amino N atom of the 4-amino­anti­pyrine is protonated. In the anion, the dihedral angle between the two benzene rings is 73.51 (5)° and in the cation the dihedral angle between the phenyl ring and the five-membered ring is 65.79 (9)°. In the crystal structure, inter­molecular N—H⋯O and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds connect the anions and cations into chains along [010]

Design and fabrication of robust broadband extreme ultraviolet multilayers

The random layer thickness variations can induce a great deformation of the experimental reflection of broadband extreme ultraviolet multilayer. In order to reduce this influence of random layer thickness fluctuations, the multiobjective genetic algorithm has been improved and used in the robust design of multilayer with a broad angular bandpass. The robust multilayer with a lower sensitivity to random thickness errors have been obtained and the corresponding multilayer mirrors were fabricated. The experimental results of robust Mo/Si multilayer with a wide angular band were presented and analyzed, and the advantage of robust multilayer design was demonstrated

Research progress of the diagnosis and treatment for retinal vein occlusion

Retinal vein occlusion( RVO)is a common vascular disease of the retina and is one of the main reasons for blindness. In recent years,there have been some new understanding about the diagnosis and treatment of the disease,especially some new researches about treatment,for example,in the therapy of the intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide and anti-VEGFs as well as dexamethasone implant(Ozurdex).This article will make a brief summarization of the progress about the diagnosis and treatment of RVO

Development of Level-of-Service Criteria based on a Single Measure for BRT in China

Bus rapid transit (BRT) has gained popularity as a cost-effective way of expanding public transit services, and its level of service (LOS) is receiving increasing attention. However, relatively little is known about the precise criteria that can consistently and objectively classify the LOS of BRT into different levels. This paper introduces the measure of “unit delay” to develop BRT LOS criteria, defined as the sum of delays a bus experiences at stops and intersections and on a 100m link. Based on field surveys conducted on BRT in Changzhou, China, we obtained a unit delay data set and established BRT LOS criteria using Fuzzy C-means Clustering. The LOS criteria can be applied for operational, design, and planning analyses for BRT systems. A method to examine the operational conditions in spatial and temporal dimensions and pinpoint the service bottlenecks of a BRT system is presented

Sound Perception of Blind Older Adults in Nursing Homes

The number of blind older adults is gradually increasing with the aging of world’s population, and their needs and perception of sound are specific. This study investigated the behavioral activities of blind older adults and the dominant sound sources through on-site observation of an all-blind nursing home in China, and it used semi-structured interviews to obtain the sound perceptions of blind older adults. The findings showed that the daily behavioral activities can be categorized into basic living activity, leisure activity, social activity; and physical activity. The dominant sound sources included human, equipment, informational, and environmental sounds. This study developed a sound perception model of blind older adults in nursing homes, which takes three levels: sound requirements, acoustic environment, and sound cognition. Firstly, the blind older adults have a basic understanding of sound from the perspective of their living needs, then they feel the sound environment from the perspective of the living environment, and finally, they perceive the acoustic environment from the dimension of sound cognition in conjunction with contextual memory. This study sheds a light on the aural diversity of older adults, which is expected to support the inclusive design of nursing homes for older adults with visual impairments

Upstream R&D Competition and Cooperation in a Two-Tier Supply Chain

This paper derives a two-tier supply chain model with many firms in each tier. The upstream firms engage in cost-reducing R&D activities. Under the case of R&D competition, the paper discusses how the changes in R&D spillover, R&D efficiency and the numbers of the manufacturers and the suppliers affect the R&D expenditures, the quantities and the profits. Then, R&D cooperation is considered. And what effects arise with the changes in the R&D spillover and the degree of cooperation are studied