Mitochondrial genome evolution in the <i>Saccharomyces sensu stricto</i> complex - Fig 4

<p>(A) The nucleotide identities of all mitochondrial genes in the <i>Saccharomyces sensu stricto</i> group. The nucleotide identity was calculated based on the proportion of completely conserved nucleotides in multiple sequence alignments of five <i>SSS</i> yeasts conducted using ClustalOmega. The red bars represent protein-coding genes; the green bar is rRNA; the gray bar is tRNA and the yellow bar is <i>rpm1</i>. (B) Comparison of amino-acid identities among nuclear proteins, nuclear MT proteins and mitochondrial proteins. We identified 3,887 nuclear proteins which are present in all five <i>SSS</i> yeasts. Among them, 618 proteins were located in the mitochondria. The amino-acid identity for each protein was calculated based on the proportion of completely conserved amino-acid residues in the multiple sequences alignment (MSA) results. The dark blue, green and yellow bars represent the distribution of nuclear proteins, nuclear MT proteins and mitochondrial proteins, respectively. The table insert indicates the number of proteins which have identities greater than 90% in three protein sets. The <i>p</i>-values were calculated based on a hypergeometric test whether the number of MT proteins with high identity was significantly greater than those in the other two protein sets. (C) Box-plot comparisons of the dN/dS ratios estimated for the eight MT protein-coding genes between the genus <i>Lachancea</i> and the <i>Saccharomyces sensu stricto</i> linage.</p

The distribution of introns in mtDNAs.

<p><b>(A) <i>cox1</i> gene; (B) <i>cob</i> gene (C) <i>rnl</i> gene.</b> The X axis represents the gene length and the vertical lines indicate the position of introns. The numbers on top represent the relative location of each intron in different yeasts. The rectangular frames indicate Group II introns, which include introns 1, 2 and 10 in <i>cox1</i>, and intron 3 in <i>cob</i>. The triangular frames indicate the Group I introns. The filled frames indicate the introns with embedded ORFs, and the empty frames indicate introns without ORFs.</p

Evolution of gene order within the <i>Saccharomyces sensu stricto</i> group.

<p>Block1 includes <i>rnl</i>, <i>tRNAs</i> (T2,C,H,L,Q,K,R1,G,D,S1,R2,A,I,Y,N,M1) and <i>cox2</i>. Block2 includes <i>tRNAs</i> (F,T1,V), and <i>cox3</i>. Block3 includes <i>tRNA</i> (M2), <i>rpm1</i> and <i>tRNA</i> (P). Block4 includes <i>cox1</i>, <i>atp8</i> and <i>atp6</i>. Block5 includes <i>tRNA</i> (E) and <i>cob</i>. Block6 includes <i>rns</i> and <i>tRNA</i> (W). Block7 includes <i>atp9</i>, <i>tRNA</i> (S2) and <i>var1</i>. The downward and upward black arrows indicate the <i>ori</i> sequences in the positive and negative strands, respectively. The dashed arrows indicate that the <i>ori</i> sequences contain intervening GC clusters.</p

Media 2: Study on weak-light photovoltaic characteristics of solar cell with a microgroove lens array on glass substrate

Originally published in Optics Express on 06 April 2015 (oe-23-7-A192

Relay Visible-Light Photoredox Catalysis: Synthesis of Pyrazole Derivatives via Formal [4 + 1] Annulation and Aromatization

A relay visible-light photoredox catalysis strategy has been accomplished. Three successive photoredox cycles (one oxidative quenching cycle and two reductive quenching cycles) are engaged in a single reaction with one photocatalyst. This strategy enables formal [4 + 1] annulation of hydrazones with 2-bromo-1,3-dicarbonyl compounds, which functionalizes three C–H bonds of hydrazones. This method affords rapid access to a complex and biologically important pyrazole scaffold in a step-economical manner with high efficiency under mild conditions

Relay Visible-Light Photoredox Catalysis: Synthesis of Pyrazole Derivatives via Formal [4 + 1] Annulation and Aromatization

A relay visible-light photoredox catalysis strategy has been accomplished. Three successive photoredox cycles (one oxidative quenching cycle and two reductive quenching cycles) are engaged in a single reaction with one photocatalyst. This strategy enables formal [4 + 1] annulation of hydrazones with 2-bromo-1,3-dicarbonyl compounds, which functionalizes three C–H bonds of hydrazones. This method affords rapid access to a complex and biologically important pyrazole scaffold in a step-economical manner with high efficiency under mild conditions

SR-HARDI: Spatially Regularizing High Angular Resolution Diffusion Imaging

<p>High angular resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI) has recently been of great interest in mapping the orientation of intravoxel crossing fibers, and such orientation information allows one to infer the connectivity patterns prevalent among different brain regions and possible changes in such connectivity over time for various neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. The aim of this article is to propose a penalized multiscale adaptive regression model (PMARM) framework to spatially and adaptively infer the orientation distribution function (ODF) of water diffusion in regions with complex fiber configurations. In PMARM, we reformulate the HARDI imaging reconstruction as a weighted regularized least-square regression (WRLSR) problem. Similarity and distance weights are introduced to account for spatial smoothness of HARDI, while preserving the unknown discontinuities (e.g., edges between white matter and gray matter) of HARDI. The <i>L</i>₁ penalty function is introduced to ensure the sparse solutions of ODFs, while a scaled <i>L</i>₁ weighted estimator is calculated to correct the bias introduced by the <i>L</i>₁ penalty at each voxel. In PMARM, we integrate the multiscale adaptive regression models, the propagation-separation method, and Lasso (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator) to adaptively estimate ODFs across voxels. Experimental results indicate that PMARM can reduce the angle detection errors on fiber crossing area and provide more accurate reconstruction than standard voxel-wise methods. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.</p

Detection and Identification of Hematologic Malignancies and Solid Tumors by an Electrochemical Technique

<div><p>Purpose</p><p>Develop and evaluate an electrochemical method to identify healthy individuals, malignant hematopathic patients and solid tumor patients by detecting the leukocytes in whole-blood.</p><p>Methods</p><p>A total of 114 individual blood samples obtained from our affiliated hospital in China (June 2015- August 2015) were divided into three groups: healthy individuals (n = 35), hematologic malignancies (n = 41) and solid tumors (n = 38). An electrochemical workstation system was used to measure differential pulse voltammetry due to the different electrochemical behaviors of leukocytes in blood samples. Then, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to analyze the scanning curves and to compare the peak potential and peak current.</p><p>Results</p><p>The scanning curve demonstrated the specific electrochemical behaviors of the blank potassium ferricyanide solution and that mixed with blood samples in different groups. Significant differences in mean peak potentials of mixture and shifts (ΔEp (mV)) were observed of the three groups (P< = 0.001). 106.00±9.00 and 3.14±7.48 for Group healthy individuals, 120.90±11.18 and 18.10±8.81 for Group hematologic malignancies, 136.84±11.53 and 32.89±10.50 for Group solid tumors, respectively. In contrast, there were no significant differences in the peak currents and shifts.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>The newly developed method to apply the electrochemical workstation system to identify hematologic malignancies and solid tumors with good sensitivity and specificity might be effective, suggesting a potential utility in clinical application.</p></div

Procedural and follow-up characteristics.

<p>Procedural and follow-up characteristics.</p

The characteristics of the scanning curves.

<p>The standard deviations in electrochemical behavior of different samples.</p