Anatomy of Ag/Hafnia‐Based Selectors with 1010 Nonlinearity

Sneak path current is a significant remaining obstacle to the utilization of large crossbar arrays for non-volatile memories and other applications of memristors. A two-terminal selector device with an extremely large current-voltage nonlinearity and low leakage current could solve this problem. We present here a Ag/oxide-based threshold switching (TS) device with attractive features such as high current-voltage nonlinearity (~1010 ), steep turn-on slope (less than 1 mV/dec), low OFF-state leakage current (~10-14 A), fast turn ON/OFF speeds (108 cycles). The feasibility of using this selector with a typical memristor has been demonstrated by physically integrating them into a multilayered 1S1R cell. Structural analysis of the nanoscale crosspoint device suggests that elongation of a Ag nanoparticle under voltage bias followed by spontaneous reformation of a more spherical shape after power off is responsible for the observed threshold switching of the device. Such mechanism has been quantitatively verified by the Ag nanoparticle dynamics simulation based on thermal diffusion assisted by bipolar electrode effect and interfacial energy minimization

DataSheet_1_Associations between serum urate and telomere length and inflammation markers: Evidence from UK Biobank cohort.docx

ObjectiveHyperuricemia and gout have become gradually more common. The effect of serum urate on organism aging and systematic inflammation is not determined. This study aims to evaluate whether serum urate is causally associated with cellular aging markers and serum inflammation markers.MethodsA Mendelian randomization study was performed on summary-level data from the largest published genome-wide association studies. Single nucleotide polymorphisms with a genome-wide significance level were selected as instrumental variables for leukocyte telomere length (LTL), and serum soluble makers of inflammation (CRP, IL-6, TNF-α, and IGF-1). Standard inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was used as the primary statistical method. The weighted median, MR-Egger regression, and MR-PRESSO methods were used for sensitivity analysis.ResultsAn inverse causal association of genetically predicted serum urate levels and LTL was found using IVW method (OR: 0.96, 95%CI 0.95, 0.97; β=-0.040; SE=0.0072; P=4.37×10-8). The association was also supported by MR results using MR-Egger method and weighted median method. The MR-PRESSO analysis and leave-one-out sensitivity analysis supported the robustness of the combined results. In terms of other aging-related serum biomarkers, there was no evidence supporting a causal effect of serum urate on CRP, IL-6, TNF-α, or IGF-1 levels.ConclusionsSerum urate levels are negatively associated with telomere length but are not associated with serum soluble indicators of inflammation. Telomere length may be a critical marker that reflects urate-related organismal aging and may be a mechanism in the age-related pathologies and mortality caused by hyperuricemia.</p

Table5_Unbiased comparison and modularization identify time-related transcriptomic reprogramming in exercised rat cartilage: Integrated data mining and experimental validation.XLSX

Exercise is indispensable for maintaining cartilage integrity in healthy joints and remains a recommendation for knee osteoarthritis. Although the effects of exercise on cartilage have been implied, the detailed mechanisms, such as the effect of exercise time which is important for exercise prescription, remain elusive. In this study, bioinformatic analyses, including unbiased comparisons and modularization, were performed on the transcriptomic data of rat cartilage to identify the time-related genes and signaling pathways. We found that exercise had a notable effect on cartilage transcriptome. Exercise prominently suppressed the genes related to cell division, hypertrophy, catabolism, inflammation, and immune response. The downregulated genes were more prominent and stable over time than the upregulated genes. Although exercise time did not prominently contribute to the effects of exercise, it was a factor related to a batch of cellular functions and signaling pathways, such as extracellular matrix (ECM) homeostasis and cellular response to growth factors and stress. Two clusters of genes, including early and late response genes, were identified according to the expression pattern over time. ECM organization, BMP signaling, and PI3K-Akt signaling were early responsive in the exercise duration. Moreover, time-related signaling pathways, such as inositol phosphate metabolism, nicotinate/nicotinamide metabolism, cell cycle, and Fc epsilon RI signaling pathway, were identified by unbiased mapping and polarization of the highly time-correlated genes. Immunohistochemistry staining showed that Egfr was a late response gene that increased on day 15 of exercise. This study elucidated time-related transcriptomic reprogramming induced by exercise in cartilage, advancing the understanding of cartilage homeostasis.</p

Table7_Unbiased comparison and modularization identify time-related transcriptomic reprogramming in exercised rat cartilage: Integrated data mining and experimental validation.XLSX

Exercise is indispensable for maintaining cartilage integrity in healthy joints and remains a recommendation for knee osteoarthritis. Although the effects of exercise on cartilage have been implied, the detailed mechanisms, such as the effect of exercise time which is important for exercise prescription, remain elusive. In this study, bioinformatic analyses, including unbiased comparisons and modularization, were performed on the transcriptomic data of rat cartilage to identify the time-related genes and signaling pathways. We found that exercise had a notable effect on cartilage transcriptome. Exercise prominently suppressed the genes related to cell division, hypertrophy, catabolism, inflammation, and immune response. The downregulated genes were more prominent and stable over time than the upregulated genes. Although exercise time did not prominently contribute to the effects of exercise, it was a factor related to a batch of cellular functions and signaling pathways, such as extracellular matrix (ECM) homeostasis and cellular response to growth factors and stress. Two clusters of genes, including early and late response genes, were identified according to the expression pattern over time. ECM organization, BMP signaling, and PI3K-Akt signaling were early responsive in the exercise duration. Moreover, time-related signaling pathways, such as inositol phosphate metabolism, nicotinate/nicotinamide metabolism, cell cycle, and Fc epsilon RI signaling pathway, were identified by unbiased mapping and polarization of the highly time-correlated genes. Immunohistochemistry staining showed that Egfr was a late response gene that increased on day 15 of exercise. This study elucidated time-related transcriptomic reprogramming induced by exercise in cartilage, advancing the understanding of cartilage homeostasis.</p

Research on large deflection deformation reconstruction of elastic thin plate based on strain monitoring

© 2019 Elsevier Ltd In this paper, a method of reconstruction deformation by measuring surface strain is proposed. Aiming at large deflection deformation of the four-sided fixed elastic thin plate structure, an algorithm for reconstructing deformation field based on surface strain monitoring is developed. The reconstruction method theoretically analyzes the thin elastic plate according to the large deflection deformation hypothesis and elastic mechanics. The experimental platform for strain monitoring of thin plate and several different loading conditions was established. Based on the analytic solution of deformation and strain from experimental, the deformation surface diagram of thin plates under different loads are obtained. The experimental results show that the average error of reconstruction of the elastic thin plate structure is 4.9%. This measurement method obtains deformation indirectly by measuring strain, and does not need to use too much space to install measuring equipment

Effect of SLOB on expression of <i>dilps</i>.

<p>Relative <i>dilp2</i>, -<i>3</i>, and -<i>5</i> transcript levels in fly heads were measured by qPCR. <b><i>A, B</i></b><b>,</b> Relative <i>dilp2</i> or <i>dilp5</i> transcript levels are unchanged in <i>slob^IP1</i> fly heads. <b><i>C</i></b><b>,</b> Relative <i>dilp3</i> transcript levels are reduced in <i>slob^IP1</i> fly heads and rescued by expression of SLOB in mNSCs, but not by mutation of <i>to</i>. <b><i>D,</i></b> Relative <i>dilp3</i> transcript levels are increased in heads of flies overexpressing SLOB in mNSCs. <b><i>E,</i></b> The increase in <i>to</i> levels is abolished in <i>slob^IP1,dilp3</i> fly heads. Each graph is a summary of a minimum of three independent experiments (mean ± SEM). *** indicates p<0.001, One-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post-test (<i>C, E</i>) or Student's t-test (<i>D</i>).</p

TO protein levels are increased in <i>slob^IP1</i> fly heads but still cycle.

<p>TO protein levels in fly heads were measured by Western blot analysis and normalized to MAPK levels. <b><i>A</i></b><b>,</b> Representative Western blot showing an increase in TO expression in <i>slob^IP1</i> fly heads compared to <i>WT^P41</i> fly heads. TO levels are rescued in <i>slob^IP1,mai301>slob</i> fly heads. The graph is a summary of four independent experiments (mean ± SEM). * indicates p<0.05, One-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post-test. <b><i>B</i></b><b>,</b> Representative Western blot showing that TO levels cycle in <i>slob^IP1</i> fly heads. Zeitgeber time (ZT) is plotted on the X axis; the white and black bars represent “lights on” and “lights off”, respectively. The graph is a summary of three independent experiments (mean ± SEM).</p

Table6_Unbiased comparison and modularization identify time-related transcriptomic reprogramming in exercised rat cartilage: Integrated data mining and experimental validation.XLSX

Exercise is indispensable for maintaining cartilage integrity in healthy joints and remains a recommendation for knee osteoarthritis. Although the effects of exercise on cartilage have been implied, the detailed mechanisms, such as the effect of exercise time which is important for exercise prescription, remain elusive. In this study, bioinformatic analyses, including unbiased comparisons and modularization, were performed on the transcriptomic data of rat cartilage to identify the time-related genes and signaling pathways. We found that exercise had a notable effect on cartilage transcriptome. Exercise prominently suppressed the genes related to cell division, hypertrophy, catabolism, inflammation, and immune response. The downregulated genes were more prominent and stable over time than the upregulated genes. Although exercise time did not prominently contribute to the effects of exercise, it was a factor related to a batch of cellular functions and signaling pathways, such as extracellular matrix (ECM) homeostasis and cellular response to growth factors and stress. Two clusters of genes, including early and late response genes, were identified according to the expression pattern over time. ECM organization, BMP signaling, and PI3K-Akt signaling were early responsive in the exercise duration. Moreover, time-related signaling pathways, such as inositol phosphate metabolism, nicotinate/nicotinamide metabolism, cell cycle, and Fc epsilon RI signaling pathway, were identified by unbiased mapping and polarization of the highly time-correlated genes. Immunohistochemistry staining showed that Egfr was a late response gene that increased on day 15 of exercise. This study elucidated time-related transcriptomic reprogramming induced by exercise in cartilage, advancing the understanding of cartilage homeostasis.</p

Proposed function of SLOB in mNSCs.

<p>SLOB, through inhibitory modulation of SLO, influences dILP release from mNSCs and gene expression of <i>to</i> and <i>dilp3</i>. <i>Slob</i> null flies have elevated SLO activity, resulting in opposite effects on IIS and gene expression. Arrows denote positive regulation, while blunted lines denote negative regulation. Dotted lines denote relationships that are still unclear. See text for further details.</p

The effects of SLOB on gene expression and metabolism require SLO.

<p><b><i>A,</i></b> Relative <i>to</i> transcript levels in fly heads were measured by qPCR. <i>WT^P41,slo¹</i> and <i>slob^IP1,slo¹</i> express equivalent amount of <i>to</i> in fly heads. <b><i>B,</i></b> Whole body trehalose plus glucose levels were measured in flies after fasting. Stored trehalose plus glucose levels are significantly decreased in <i>slob^IP1</i> flies compared to <i>WT^P41,slo¹</i> or <i>slob^IP1,slo¹</i> flies. <b><i>C,</i></b> The reduction in <i>dilp3</i> levels is attenuated in <i>slob^IP1,slo¹</i> fly heads. Results are a summary of a minimum of three (<i>A, C</i>) or 13 samples (<i>B</i>) (mean ± SEM). * indicates p<0.05, ** indicates p<0.01, *** indicates p<0.001, One-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post-test.</p