Research on the Complexity Characteristics of Urban Metro Network Based on Complex Network Theory

It is to provide decision support for later planning of metro network. Firstly, the space-L method is used to model the metro network topology. Secondly, four different indicators are used to analyze the complexity of metro network. The results show that the degree of metro network nodes in Xuzhou is generally low, and the degree distribution and power distribution are quite different. The network has no scale network properties. In Xuzhou metro network, the path between random station pairs is long, and the degree of node aggregation is low. There is a positive correlation between degree and betweenness, which can make more accurate importance assessment of the site

A development potential assessment method for clean energy stations

Clean energy is expected to enter a new stage of large-scale development along with the growing demand for building regional clean energy stations. However, as many regional clean energy stations comprise multiple stations with different output characteristics and complementary coupling, the development potential of these stations cannot be simply based on the superposition of outputs, as this method lacks reasonable assessment results. This study proposes a method of combining Grey relational analysis (GRA), artificial neural network (ANN), and XGBoost algorithm for the potential assessment of clean energy stations. First, GRA and ANN are used for the relational analysis between the output of clean energy stations and meteorological factors. Second, the meteorological factors with high correlation and the existing historical data are used to predict the future outputs of new clean energy stations via XGBoost. Finally, according to the predicted output, an assessment method that includes available capacity coefficient (AOC) and other evaluation indicators is proposed. The case studies in this research prove the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed method

Co-production of pigment and high value-added bacterial nanocellulose from Suaeda salsa biomass with improved efficiency of enzymatic saccharification and fermentation

This study evaluated the co-production of pigment and bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) from S. salsa biomass. The extraction of the beet red pigment reduced the salts and flavonoids contents by 82.7%–100%, promoting the efficiencies of enzymatic saccharification of the biomass and the fermentation of BNC from the hydrolysate. SEM analysis revealed that the extraction process disrupted the lignocellulosic fiber structure, and the chemical analysis revealed the lessened cellulase inhibitors, consequently facilitating enzymatic saccharification for 10.4 times. BNC producing strains were found to be hyper-sensitive to NaCl stress, produced up to 400.4% more BNC from the hydrolysate after the extraction. The fermentation results of BNC indicated that the LDU-A strain yielded 2.116 g/L and 0.539 g/L in ES-M and NES-M, respectively. In comparison to the control, the yield in ES-M increased by approximately 20.0%, while the enhancement in NES-M was more significant, reaching 292.6%. After conducting a comprehensive characterization of BNC derived from S. salsa through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), the average fiber diameter distribution of these four BNC materials ranges from 22.23 to 33.03 nanometers, with a crystallinity range of 77%–90%. Additionally, they exhibit a consistent trend during the thermal degradation process, further emphasizing their stability in high-temperature environments and similar thermal properties. Our study found an efficient co-production approach of pigment and BNC from S. salsa biomass. Pigment extraction made biomass more physically and chemically digestible to cellulase, and significantly improved BNC productivity and quality

Glucose restriction enhances oxidative fiber formation: A multi-omic signal network involving AMPK and CaMK2

peer reviewedSkeletal muscle is a highly plastic organ that adapts to different metabolic states or functional demands. This study explored the impact of permanent glucose restriction (GR) on skeletal muscle composition and metabolism. Using Glut4m mice with defective glucose transporter 4, we conducted multi-omics analyses at different ages and after low-intensity treadmill training. The oxidative fibers were significantly increased in Glut4m muscles. Mechanistically, GR activated AMPK pathway, promoting mitochondrial function and beneficial myokine expression, and facilitated slow fiber formation via CaMK2 pathway. Phosphorylation-activated Perm1 may synergize AMPK and CaMK2 signaling. Besides, MAPK and CDK kinases were also implicated in skeletal muscle protein phosphorylation during GR response. This study provides a comprehensive signaling network demonstrating how GR influences muscle fiber types and metabolic patterns. These insights offer valuable data for understanding oxidative fiber formation mech- anisms and identifying clinical targets for metabolic diseases.National Key Research and Development Program of China3. Good health and well-bein

Research on the Performance Recovery Strategy Model of Hangzhou Metro Network Based on Complex Network and Tenacity Theory

Based on complex networks and resilience theory, the structural characteristics and post-disaster performance recovery process of the urban metro network are studied to determine the best repair strategy for metro network performance under different scenarios. Specifically: (1) The space-L method is used to model the Hangzhou metro network, and MATLAB software is used to calculate the characteristic parameter values of the Hangzhou metro network structure; (2) A model of the post-disaster resilience of the Hangzhou metro network was constructed, and network efficiency was used as the evaluation index of the resilience level and resilience of the metro network; (3) The performance recovery process of the metro network under different scenarios was simulated and the optimal recovery strategy of the post-disaster metro network was obtained. The results show that the degree values of the Hangzhou metro network nodes are all generally low; the average passage path between nodes is long and the nodes are scattered, which makes the convenience of residents’ travel low. In addition, the degree index and the betweenness have some influence on the recovery order of the failed nodes. Finally, the genetic algorithm solves the post-disaster optimal recovery strategy of the metro network with good results

Decomposed Unit Commitment of Integrated Electricity and Natural Gas System with Dynamic Gas Flow Considered

Since the renewable energy penetration in electricity system is getting more and more increased, new strategy is desired to help accommodate the fluctuated renewable energy. This paper proposes a transient-state gas flow model based unit commitment of integrated electricity and gas system (IEGS) with a decomposition optimization scheme adopted to satisfy the privacy protection requirements of system operators. The problem is solved decomposedly in an iteration procedure and the convergence of solution is guaranteed as well. Case study is conducted on a 6-bus 7-node system to verify the effectiveness of renewable energy accommodation capability. Besides, comparison between centralized optimization and the proposed decomposed optimization demonstrates that the adopted decomposition optimization scheme can find the global optimal integer variables, which further verify the validity of the proposed strategy.</p

Nutrient and ruminal fermentation profiles of seed residues with fungal pretreatment

Objective The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of four fungal pretreatments on the nutritional value of Camellia seed residues, and to evaluate the feeding value of pre-treated Camellia seed residues for ruminants. Methods Camellia seed residues were firstly fermented by four lignin degrading fungi, namely, Phanerochaete chrysosporium (P. chrysosporium)-30942, Trichoderma koningiopsis (T. koningiopsis)-2660, Trichoderma aspellum (T. aspellum)-2527, or T. aspellum-2627, under solid-state fermentation (SSF) conditions at six different incubation times. The nutritional value of each fermented Camellia seed residues was then analyzed. The fermentation profiles, organic matter degradability and metabolizable energy of each pre-treated Camellia seed residue were further evaluated using an in vitro rumen fermentation system. Results After 5 days of fermentation, P. chrysosporium-30942 had higher degradation of lignin (20.51%), consumed less hemicellulose (4.02%), and the SSF efficiency reached 83.43%. T. koningiopsis-2660 degraded more lignin (21.54%) and consumed less cellulose (20.94%) and hemicellulose (2.51%), the SSF efficiency reached 127.93%. The maximum SSF efficiency was 58.18% for T. aspellum-2527 and 47.61% for T. aspellum-2627, appeared at 30 and 15 days respectively. All the fungal pretreatments significantly improved the crude protein content (p<0.05). The Camellia seed residues pretreated for 5 days were found to possess significantly increased organic matter degradability, volatile fatty acid production and metabolizable energy (p<0.05) after the treatment of either P. chrysosporium-30942, T. koningiopsis-2660 or T. aspellum-2527. The fungal pretreatments did not significantly change the rumen fermentation pattern of Camellia seed residues, with an unchanged ratio of acetate to propionate. Conclusion The fungi showed excellent potential for the solid-state bioconversion of Camellia seed residues into digestible ruminant energy feed, and their shorter lignin degradation characteristics could reduce loss of the other available carbohydrates during SSF