Development of a Selective Labeling Probe for Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase Quantification in Live Cells

As a key regulator of the B-cell receptor signaling pathway, Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (Btk) has emerged as an important therapeutic target for various malignancies and autoimmune disorders. However, data on the expression profiles of Btk are lacking. Here, we report the discovery of a new, selective Btk probe and of a sandwich-type ELISA quantification method to detect endogenous Btk in live cells. We achieved selective labeling of Btk in vivo and quantified Btk levels in seven types of human lymphoma cell lines. This quantification method provides a powerful tool to study Btk in live cells that may also be useful in clinical settings

Polyacrylate Backbone Promotes Photoinduced Reversible Solid-To-Liquid Transitions of Azobenzene-Containing Polymers

The development of polymers with efficient photoinduced reversible solid-to-liquid transitions is desirable for the design of healable materials, reconfigurable devices, and switchable adhesives. Herein, we demonstrate that an azobenzene-containing polyacrylate P-H exhibits more efficient photoinduced reversible solid-to-liquid transitions than its polymethacrylate analogue P-Me. The side chain of P-H or P-Me contains a hexamethylene spacer, a photoresponsive azobenzene group, and an n-decyl tail. Both P-H and P-Me show reversible cis–trans photoisomerization. Solid transP-H and P-Me change to liquid cis ones via UV-light-induced trans-to-cis isomerization; liquid cisP-H and P-Me revert to solid trans ones via visible-light-induced cis-to-trans back isomerization. Differential scanning calorimetry and rheology measurements revealed that photoinduced reversible solid-to-liquid transitions occur because P-H and P-Me have photoswitchable glass transition temperatures. Although P-Me exhibits a slightly faster rate for trans-to-cis photoisomerization than P-H due to fewer aggregates in solid state, cisP-H flows 20 times faster than cisP-Me because P-H has a more flexible polymer backbone. The low viscosity of cisP-H makes photoinduced solid-to-liquid transition efficient and enables the design of rapidly healable coatings. Our study shows that the design of a flexible backbone is a new strategy to develop rapidly healable polymers with more efficient photoinduced solid-to-liquid transitions

Additional file 1 of Origin, evolution and diversification of plant mechanosensitive channel of small conductance-like (MSL) proteins

Additional file 1: Supplementary Figure 1. Phylogenetic analysis of MSL proteins among fungi, protozoa, bacteria and plants

Oxygen Vacancy Dynamics at Room Temperature in Oxide Heterostructures

Oxygen vacancy dynamic behavior at room temperature in complex oxides was carefully explored by using a combined approach of ion liquid gating technique and resistance measurements. Heterostructures of PrBaCo₂O_5+δ/Gd₂O₃-doped CeO₂ epitaxial thin films were fabricated on (001) Y₂O₃-stabilized ZrO₂ single crystal substrates for systematically investigating the oxygen redox dynamics. The oxygen dynamic changes as response to the gating voltage and duration were precisely detected by in situ resistance measurements. A reversible and nonvolatile resistive switching dynamics was detected at room temperature under the gating voltage >13.5 V with pulse duration >1 s

Data_Sheet_1_Effect of β-cyclodextrin deodorization on the volatile chemicals and functional properties of three types of gelatins.docx

The exploration of deodorization is important for the application of gelatin in food industry. In this work, the effect of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) deodorization on the volatile chemicals and functional properties of three types of gelatins (commercial porcine skin gelatin, cold water fish skin gelatin, and Chinese longsnout catfish skin gelatin) were studied. The results suggested the odors of commercial gelatins were significantly less than home-extracted gelatins. The β-CD deodorization efficiency was dependent on both β-CD concentration and volatile chemical. (E)-2-Octenal (C8H14O), 1-octen-3-ol (C8H16O), 2-pentyl-furan (C9H14O), and hentriacontane (C17H36) could be deodorized at low β-CD concentration (even at 2 mg/mL). The best β-CD deodorization concentration for 66.7 mg/mL of Chinese longsnout catfish skin gelatin was 30 mg/mL. β-CD addition could not change the gel forming ability and emulsion activity of gelatins, whereas it had different and concentration-dependent effects on the emulsion stability of gelatins. β-CD addition had no obvious effects on the droplet sizes, droplet coalescence and liquid-gel transition behaviors, but had different effects on the creaming of the emulsions stabilized by three types of gelatins. The encapsulation of β-carotene did not significantly change the droplet trimodal size distribution and liquid-gel transition of fish oil-loaded emulsions. However, β-carotene might delay the droplet coalescence. The creaming stability of β-carotene/fish oil-loaded gelatin/β-CD-stabilized emulsions was dependent on the gelatins, β-CD, and β-carotene. Finally, the β-carotene retention in the emulsions was dependent not on β-CD addition but on the nature of the gelatins. These results provided useful information to understand the molecular deodorization behaviors and explore the deodorization of emulsifiers for food emulsions.</p

Oxygen Vacancy Dynamics at Room Temperature in Oxide Heterostructures

Oxygen vacancy dynamic behavior at room temperature in complex oxides was carefully explored by using a combined approach of ion liquid gating technique and resistance measurements. Heterostructures of PrBaCo₂O_5+δ/Gd₂O₃-doped CeO₂ epitaxial thin films were fabricated on (001) Y₂O₃-stabilized ZrO₂ single crystal substrates for systematically investigating the oxygen redox dynamics. The oxygen dynamic changes as response to the gating voltage and duration were precisely detected by in situ resistance measurements. A reversible and nonvolatile resistive switching dynamics was detected at room temperature under the gating voltage >13.5 V with pulse duration >1 s

Synthesis and Characterization of a Mesogen-Jacketed Polyelectrolyte

In an attempt to construct a new kind of rodlike polyelectrolyte, poly­[sodium 2,5-bis­(4′-sulfophenyl)­styrene] (PSBSS) was prepared from its precursor, poly­[2,5-bis­(4′-neopentylsulfophenyl)­styrene] (PBNSS), which was polymerized by atom transfer radical polymerization. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) results demonstrate that PBNSS exhibits a hexagonal columnar phase and PSBSS exhibits a smectic A phase in bulk. The conformation of PSBSS in the aqueous solution is cylindrical, and the length and the diameter of the cylinder are ca. 25 nm and ca. 2.4 nm, respectively. The persistence length (<i>l</i>_p) of the PSBSS chain in the aqueous solution is 11.50 ± 0.09 nm calculated by fitting the SAXS profile with the modified wormlike chain model. The conformation, the maximum length, and the <i>l</i>_p of the chain are only weakly dependent on the concentration of the added salt. These results indicate that we have successfully obtained a new kind of polyelectrolyte with a highly rigid chain, a high charge density, and a narrow molecular weight distribution, which can serve as a new model macromolecule in studying rodlike polyelectrolytes

PVA-<i>co</i>-PE Nanofibrous Filter Media with Tailored Three-Dimensional Structure for High Performance and Safe Aerosol Filtration via Suspension-Drying Procedure

High efficient filtration of air pollutants exerts a great demand for nanofiber-based materials with superior structures. In this work, a mixed solution of <i>tert</i>-butyl alcohol (TBA) and water was employed to stably disperse PVA-<i>co</i>-PE nanofibers. Nanofibrous filter media based on PP nonwoven fabric substrate with various porosity were then prepared via three nanofiber-suspension drying techniques: spray-air-drying, spray-freeze-drying, and container loading-freeze-drying. The prepared nanofiber composite filter media with average nanofiber diameter about 155 nm present controllable three-dimensional structure: nanofiber layer porosity increases from 76.6% to 97.3%, various pore sizes increase from 0.493 to 2.268 μm, as well as an increased nanofiber layer thickness from about 10 to 55.3 μm for filter media with 2.667 g/m² nanofiber coverage density (NFCD). On the basis of the structure, filter media possess a best comprehensive filtration performance with the quality factor 1.110 mmH₂O^–1 (99.955% and 6.73 mmH₂O) at NFCD = 2.677 g/m² and a best efficient performance with efficiency 99.999% (0.645 mmH₂O^–1 and 17.86 mmH₂O) at NFCD = 6.583 g/m², respectively. The theoretical analysis shows the excellent properties are mainly derived from the stable three-dimensional structure of nanofiber network which can provide superior torturous channels for capturing airborne nanoparticles and facilitating the penetration of air flow indicating a typical deep bed filtration. The result of electret treatment test shows that the filter medium exhibits remarkably stable filtration properties and is basically insusceptible to the electrostatic charges rather than the commercial PP nonwoven fabric substrate. Furthermore, the repetitive-use test showed that present nanofibrous composite filters possess higher dust holding capability (24.3 g/m²) and longer service life (8.5 h) than commercial filter with the similar initial filtration property. This implies the superiority of present nanofiber composite filter media in the application as a high stable, cost-effective, and safer air filter medium

3D-Printed Parahydrophobic Functional Textile with a Hierarchical Nanomicroscale Structure

Functional textiles with superhydrophobicity and high adhesion to water, called parahydrophobic, are attracting increasing attention from industry and academia. The hierarchical (micronanoscale) surface patterns in nature provide an excellent reference for the manufacture of parahydrophobic functional textiles. However, the replication of the complex parahydrophobic micronanostructures in nature exceeds the ability of traditional manufacturing strategies, which makes it difficult to accurately manufacture controllable nanostructures on yarn and textiles. Herein, a two-photon femtosecond laser direct writing strategy with nanoscale process capability was utilized to accurately construct the functional parahydrophobic yarn with a diameter of 900 μm. Inspired by rose petals, the parahydrophobic yarn is composed of a hollow round tube, regularly arranged micropapillae (the diameter is 109 μm), and nanofolds (the distance is 800 nm) on papillae. The bionic yarn exhibited a superior parahydrophobic behavior, where the liquid droplet not only was firmly adhered to the bionic yarn at an inverted angle (180°) but also presented as spherical on the yarn (the maximum water contact angle is 159°). The fabric woven by the bionic yarn also exhibited liquid droplet-catching ability even when tilted vertically or turned upside down. Based on the excellent parahydrophobic function of bionic yarn, we demonstrated a glove that has very wide application potential in the fields of water droplet-based transportation, manipulation, microreactors, microextractors, etc

3D-Printed Parahydrophobic Functional Textile with a Hierarchical Nanomicroscale Structure

Functional textiles with superhydrophobicity and high adhesion to water, called parahydrophobic, are attracting increasing attention from industry and academia. The hierarchical (micronanoscale) surface patterns in nature provide an excellent reference for the manufacture of parahydrophobic functional textiles. However, the replication of the complex parahydrophobic micronanostructures in nature exceeds the ability of traditional manufacturing strategies, which makes it difficult to accurately manufacture controllable nanostructures on yarn and textiles. Herein, a two-photon femtosecond laser direct writing strategy with nanoscale process capability was utilized to accurately construct the functional parahydrophobic yarn with a diameter of 900 μm. Inspired by rose petals, the parahydrophobic yarn is composed of a hollow round tube, regularly arranged micropapillae (the diameter is 109 μm), and nanofolds (the distance is 800 nm) on papillae. The bionic yarn exhibited a superior parahydrophobic behavior, where the liquid droplet not only was firmly adhered to the bionic yarn at an inverted angle (180°) but also presented as spherical on the yarn (the maximum water contact angle is 159°). The fabric woven by the bionic yarn also exhibited liquid droplet-catching ability even when tilted vertically or turned upside down. Based on the excellent parahydrophobic function of bionic yarn, we demonstrated a glove that has very wide application potential in the fields of water droplet-based transportation, manipulation, microreactors, microextractors, etc