36 research outputs found
Synthesis and Biological Activity Evaluation of Novel <em>β</em>-Substituted Nitromethylene Neonicotinoid Analogues
The structure-based design and synthesis of a series of novel neonicotinoid analogues are described. The novel neonicotinoid analogues were designed based upon the reaction of enamine derivatives with electron-withdrawing <em>β</em>-substituents with electrophilic thiocyanogen reagents. These compounds were characterized by spectroscopic methods. Bioassays indicated that some of the synthesized compounds exhibited excellent bioactivity against cowpea aphids (<em>Aphis craccivora</em>). The LC<sub>50</sub> values of compounds <strong>7</strong>, <strong>9</strong>, <strong>12</strong>, <strong>13</strong>, <strong>15</strong>, <strong>17</strong>, <strong>19</strong>, <strong>20</strong> and commercial imidacloprid were 0.01567, 0.00974, 0.02494, 0.01893, 0.02677, 0.01778, 0.0220, 0.02447 and 0.03502 mmol L<sup>−1</sup>, respectively, which suggested that they could be used as leads for future development of new insecticides
A Water-Based Nanoformulation for the Pesticide Delivery of Lambda-Cyhalothrin with High Retention on Foliage by Using Aerosol OT Vesicles as Carriers
Lambda-cyhalothrin (LC) is a highly efficient broad-spectrum
pesticide
in agricultural production, yet its application is limited by weak
solubility and poor adhesion to foliage. To develop effective utilization
and enhance pesticide adhesion to targets, LC was loaded into a water-based
vesicle system formed by aerosol OT (AOT) with a double hydrocarbon
chain. The LC-loaded AOT vesicles (LC-AOT) had a high encapsulation
efficiency (EE) of 97%. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and small-angle
X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements showed that LC-AOT vesicles had
uniform morphology with a particle size of around 200 nm. The zeta
potential and polydispersity index (PDI) values of LC-AOT vesicles
were −70.3 mV and 0.20, respectively. Compared with commercial
LC formulations, LC-AOT vesicles exhibited better wettability and
retention on cabbage leaves. In addition, an insecticidal activity
study demonstrated that LC-AOT vesicles exhibited prominent toxicity
against Aphis craccivora. This research
provided a valuable approach for solving problems of low utilization
and little deposition on foliage for water-insoluble LC pesticides
Enhanced Insecticidal Effect and Interface Behavior of Nicotine Hydrochloride Solution by a Vesicle Surfactant
Nicotine hydrochloride (NCT) has a good control effect on hemiptera pests, but its poor interfacial behavior on the hydrophobic leaf leads to few practical applications. In this study, a vesicle solution by the eco-friendly surfactant, sodium diisooctyl succinate sulfonate (AOT), was prepared as the pesticide carrier for NCT. The physical chemical properties of NCT-loaded AOT vesicles (NCT/AOT) were investigated by techniques such as dynamic light scattering (DLS), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM). The results showed that the pesticide loading and encapsulation efficiency of NCT/AOT were 10.6% and 94.8%, respectively. The size of NCT/AOT vesicle was about 177 nm. SAXS and surface tension results indicated that the structure of the NCT/AOT vesicle still existed with low surface tension even after being diluted 200 times. The contact angle of NCT/AOT was always below 30°, which means it could wet the surface of the cabbage leaf well. Consequently, NCT/AOT vesicles could effectively reduce the bounce of pesticide droplets. In vitro release experiments showed that NCT/AOT vesicles had sustained release properties; 60% of NCT in NCT/AOT released after 24 h, and 80% after 48 h. Insecticidal activity assays against aphids revealed that AOT vesicles exhibited insecticidal activity and could have a synergistic insecticidal effect with NCT after the loading of NCT. Thus, the NCT/AOT vesicles significantly improved the insecticidal efficiency of NCT, which has potential application in agricultural production activities
Discovery of Potential Neonicotinoid Insecticides by an Artificial Intelligence Generative Model and Structure-Based Virtual Screening
The identification of neonicotinoid insecticides bearing
novel
scaffolds is of great importance for pesticide discovery. Here, artificial
intelligence-based tools and virtual screening strategy were integrated
to discover potential leads of neonicotinoid insecticides. A deep
generative model was successfully constructed using a recurrent neural
network combined with transfer learning. The model evaluation showed
that the pretrained model could accurately grasp the SMILES grammar
of drug-like molecules and generate potential neonicotinoid compounds
after transfer learning. The generated molecules were evaluated by
hierarchical virtual screening, hits were subjected to a similarity
search, and the most similar structures were purchased for the bioassay.
Compounds A2 and A5 displayed 52.5 and 50.3%
mortality rates against Aphis craccivora at 100 mg/L, respectively. The docking study indicated that these
two compounds have similar binding modes to neonicotinoids, which
were verified by further molecular dynamics simulations
Bi-aryl rotation in phenyl-dihydroimidazoquinoline catalysts for kinetic resolution of arylalkyl carbinols
Chiral nucleophilic catalysts, 6-aryl-phenyl-dihydroimidazoquinolines (PIQs), were designed, synthesised and applied to the kinetic resolution of arylalkyl carbinols with very high selectivity (S) factors (up to 530).</p
Avermectin induced DNA damage to the apoptosis and autophagy in human lung epithelial A549 cells
Avermectin (AVM), as a biological insecticide, is widely used in agriculture and forestry production globally. However, inhalation of AVM may pose a risk, and the lung is the direct target, but the cytotoxicity of AVM on human lung cells is still unclear. Here, we attempted to elucidate the cytotoxic effect and molecular mechanism of AVM on human lung A549 cells. The results indicated that AVM inhibits cell proliferation, and enhances programmed cell death (apoptosis and autophagy). In addition, we found the AVM-treated cells showed an obvious drop in mitochondrial membrane potential and LC3-I/II, increased ROS production, DNA double-strand breaks, caspase-3/9 activated, PARP cleaved, cytochrome c and Bax/Bcl-2 content rise. The results showed that AVM induced mitochondria-related apoptosis and autophagy in lung A549 cells. These results indicate that AVM can pose a potential threat to human health by inducing DNA damage and programmed cell death
Construction and Characterization of a Novel Sustained-Release Delivery System for Hydrophobic Pesticides Using Biodegradable Polydopamine-Based Microcapsules
Microcapsule formulations
have been highly desirable and widely
developed for effective utilization of pesticides and environmental
pollution reduction. However, commercial and traditional microcapsule
formulations of λ-cyhalothrin (LC) were prepared by complicated
synthesis procedures and thereby specific organic solvents were needed.
In this work, LC was encapsulated into versatile, robust, and biodegradable
polydopamine (PDA) microcapsules by self-polymerization of dopamine.
LC-loaded PDA microcapsules were characterized by transmission electron
microscopy (TEM), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and thermogravimetric
analysis measurements (TGA). LC-loaded PDA microcapsules have uniform
morphology with nanoscale, decent LC loading content (>50.0% w/w),
and good physicochemical stability and sustained release properties.
The bioassay against housefly (Musca domestica) showed that the bioactivity and long-term efficiency of LC-loaded
PDA microcapsules was superior to that of the commercial formulation.
All of these results demonstrated that LC-loaded PDA microcapsules
could be applied as a commercial LC microcapsule formulation with
fewer environmental side effects and higher effective delivery