Spin-Orbit Interaction Enabled High-Fidelity Two-Qubit Gates

We study the implications of spin-orbit interaction (SOI) for two-qubit gates (TQGs) in semiconductor spin qubit platforms. The exchange interaction governing qubit pairs is anisotropic under SOI, posing a problem for conventional TQGs derived under the Heisenberg exchange. After developing a concise form of the effective two-qubit Hamiltonian under SOI, we use it to derive properties of rotating-frame evolution. Two main observations are made. First, in contrary to past belief, we find that an appropriate amount of SOI can significantly enhance the controlled-phase gate fidelity compared to the no-SOI case. Second, SOI enables novel two-qubit dynamics, that are conventionally inaccessible through DC evolution, such as the reflection gate and the controlled-not gate

細胞機能制御を指向したヒストン選択的アシル化触媒システムの開発と改良

学位の種別: 課程博士審査委員会委員 : （主査）東京大学教授 金井 求, 東京大学教授 井上 将行, 東京大学教授 内山 真伸, 東京大学准教授 岡田 正弘, 東京大学講師 尾谷 優子University of Tokyo(東京大学

Snowman: A Million-scale Chinese Commonsense Knowledge Graph Distilled from Foundation Model

Constructing commonsense knowledge graphs (CKGs) has attracted wide research attention due to its significant importance in cognitive intelligence. Nevertheless, existing CKGs are typically oriented to English, limiting the research in non-English languages. Meanwhile, the emergence of foundation models like ChatGPT and GPT-4 has shown promising intelligence with the help of reinforcement learning from human feedback. Under the background, in this paper, we utilize foundation models to construct a Chinese CKG, named Snowman. Specifically, we distill different types of commonsense head items from ChatGPT, and continue to use it to collect tail items with respect to the head items and pre-defined relations. Based on the preliminary analysis, we find the negative commonsense knowledge distilled by ChatGPT achieves lower human acceptance compared to other knowledge. Therefore, we design a simple yet effective self-instruct filtering strategy to filter out invalid negative commonsense. Overall, the constructed Snowman covers more than ten million Chinese commonsense triples, making it the largest Chinese CKG. Moreover, human studies show the acceptance of Snowman achieves 90.6\%, indicating the high-quality triples distilled by the cutting-edge foundation model. We also conduct experiments on commonsense knowledge models to show the usability and effectiveness of our Snowman.Comment: tech repor

Anti-icing property of bio-inspired micro-structure superhydrophobic surfaces and heat transfer model

Ice accumulation is a thorny problem which may inflict serious damage even disasters in many areas, such as aircraft, power line maintenance, offshore oil platform and locators of ships. Recent researches have shed light on some promising bio-inspired anti-icing strategies to solve this problem. Inspired by typical plant surfaces with super-hydrophobic character such as lotus leaves and rose petals, structured superhydrophobic surface are prepared to discuss the anti-icing property. 7075 Al alloy, an extensively used materials in aircrafts and marine vessels, is employed as the substrates. As-prepared surfaces are acquired by laser processing after being modified by stearic acid for 1 h at room temperature. The surface morphology, chemical composition and wettability are characterized by means of SEM, XPS, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and contact angle measurements. The morphologies of structured as-prepared samples include round hump, square protuberance and mountain-range-like structure, and that the as-prepared structured surfaces shows an excellent superhydrophobic property with a WCA as high as 166 ± 2°. Furthermore, the anti-icing property of as-prepared surfaces was tested by a self-established apparatus, and the crystallization process of a cooling water on the sample was recorded. More importantly, we introduced a model to analyze heat transfer process between the droplet and the structured surfaces. This study offers an insight into understanding the heat transfer process of the superhydrophobic surface, so as to further research about its unique property against ice accumulation

Preliminary Evaluation of the Sural Nerve Using 22-MHz Ultrasound: A New Approach for Evaluation of Diabetic Cutaneous Neuropathy

Background: The application of 22-MHz high-frequency ultrasound allows for visualization of the inner part of the sural nerve. The aim of this study was to evaluate the morphological changes of sural nerves in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus using ultrasound. Materials and Methods: The thickness/width (T/W) ratio, the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the sural nerves and the maximum thickness (MT) of the nerve fascicles were measured in 100 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 50 healthy volunteers using 22-MHz ultrasound. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to determine the optimal cut-off values as well as the sensitivities and specificities. All parameters were significantly different between the subject and control groups. The ROC curves demonstrated that the MT was the most predictive of diabetic cutaneous neuropathy, with an optimal cut-off value of 0.365 mm that yielded a sensitivity of 90.3 % and a specificity of 87.7%. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that 22-MHz ultrasound may be a valuable tool for evaluating diabeti

Compressive Properties of Open-Cell Al Hybrid Foams at Different Temperatures

Hybrid Ni/Al foams were fabricated by depositing electroless Ni–P (EN) coatings on open-cell Al foam substrate to obtain enhanced mechanical properties. The microstructure, chemical components and phases of the hybrid foams were observed and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The mechanical properties of the foams were studied by compressive tests at different temperatures. The experiment results show that the coating is mainly composed of Ni and P elements. There was neither defect at the interface nor crack in the coatings, indicating that the EN coatings had fine adhesion to the Al substrate. The compressive strengths and energy absorption capacities of the as-received foam and hybrid foams decrease with the increasing testing temperatures, but the hybrid foams exhibit a lower decrement rate than the as-received foam. This might be attributed to the different failure mechanisms at different testing temperatures, which is conformed by fractography observation

The Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Die-Cast Mg-6Al-2Sm-xCu Alloys

In the present study, the effect of Cu content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of die-cast Mg-6Al-2Sm-xCu (x = 1, 3, 5) alloys has been investigated. The microstructure and components of the alloys were observed and identified by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), respectively. The phases of the alloys were analyzed via X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The mechanical properties at different temperatures were studied by tensile tests. The experimental results show that all die-cast Mg-6Al-2Sm-xCu alloys consist of α-Mg, β-Mg17Al12, Al4Cu9, Al3Sm, and Mg2Cu6Al5 phases. These components, i.e., Al3Sm and Al4Cu9 phases, have high thermal stability and can prohibit dislocation movement and grain boundary sliding. TEM analysis shows that the Al3Sm phase possesses a tetragonal structure. With the increase in Cu content, the microstructure is refined firstly and then becomes coarsened. Moreover, the tensile strength increases firstly and then decreases as Cu content increases at room temperature and an elevated temperature. All fractures of the alloys at room temperature show a complex mode of brittle and ductile fracture. However, at an elevated testing temperature, the fractures of the alloys exhibit more ductile fractures

Influence of Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria on the Corrosion Residual Strength of an AZ91D Magnesium Alloy

In this paper, the corrosion residual strength of the AZ91D magnesium alloy in the presence of sulfate-reducing bacteria is studied. In the experiments, the chemical composition of corrosion film was analyzed by a scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. In addition, a series of instruments, such as scanning electronic microscope, pH-meter and an AG-10TA materials test machine, were applied to test and record the morphology of the corrosion product, fracture texture and mechanical properties of the AZ91D magnesium alloy. The experiments show that the sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) play an important role in the corrosion process of the AZ91D magnesium alloy. Pitting corrosion was enhanced by sulfate-reducing bacteria. Corrosion pits are important defects that could lead to a significant stress concentration in the tensile process. As a result, sulfate-reducing bacteria influence the corrosion residual strength of the AZ91D magnesium alloy by accelerating pitting corrosion