Wind Power Integration Control Technology for Sustainable, Stable and Smart Trend: A Review

The key to achieve sustainable development of wind power is integration absorptive, involving the generation, transmission, distribution, operation, scheduling plurality of electric production processes. The paper based on the analyses of the situation of wind power development and grid integration requirements for wind power, summarized wind power integration technologies' development, characteristics, applicability and trends from five aspects, grid mode, control technology, transmission technology, scheduling, and forecasting techniques. And friendly integration, intelligent control, reliable transmission, and accurate prediction would be the major trends of wind power integration, these five aspects interactive and mutually reinforcing would realize common development both grid and wind power, both economic and ecological

Postoperative vomiting/nausea in Chinese patients undergoing bariatric surgery

Purpose: To assess the incidence of post-operative vomiting/nausea (PVN), as well as usage and effectiveness of PVN prophylaxis in Chinese patients receiving bariatric surgery. Methods: This prospective observational study included 82 patients subjected to bariatric surgery using total intravenous (IV) anesthesia. Patients were given PVN prophylactic treatment as per the local practice depending on Apfel et al criterion for simplified risk score useful for PVN prediction. Postsurgery, the patients were evaluated at 2, 4, 6, 24, 48 and 72 h using a questionnaire. Univariate analysis of risk factors associated with PVN was carried conducted with Pearson’s Chi-squared test for category variables and Mann–Whitney–Wilcoxon test for a continuous variable. Results: About 69 % of the patients developed PVN within 24 h post-surgery, and the risk increased with increase in the number of PVN risk factors. Significant contrasts were seen with respect to PVN, with higher occurrence in females (81.36 %), when compared to males (39.13 %) within the first 24 h (p < 0.05). Two patients got sub-optimum PVN prophylactic therapy as per guidelines, 19 patients had optimum therapy, while 61 patients had supra-optimum therapy. Moreover, 63.94 % of patients who obtained supra-optimum PVN prophylactic therapy experienced PVN within 24 h post-surgery, while 84.21 % of patients with optimum PVN prophylactic therapy experienced PVN within the same period (p < 0.05). Overall, 35.37 % of patients experienced serious nausea 24 h post-surgery. Conclusion: PVN incidence is high, notwithstanding the fact that almost all the patients received optimum or supra-optimum prophylactic therapy. These findings raise dubiety regarding the viability and significance of using risk-based PVN prophylactic therapy in patients under bariatric surgery. Thus, further research is needed in this regard

Development and evaluation of a Traditional Chinese Medicine syndrome questionnaire for measuring sub-optimal health status in China

AbstractObjectiveSub-optimal health status (SHS), in which a person's mind and body exists in a low-quality state of being between disease and health, has become a public health problem that cannot be ignored in China. SHS measurement presents a challenge to the academic fields. We developed and evaluated a questionnaire from the perspective of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) that embodies the features of TCM syndrome diagnosis for measuring SHS in China.MethodsThe construction of the theoretical framework of the questionnaire was based on a literature review, an expert questionnaire survey and group interviews. The subscales and questionnaire items were screened through a pilot study using statistical means and qualitative analysis. Reliability tests that were used included test-retest reliability, Cronbach's α coefficient, split-half reliability; validity tests included content validity, criterion validity, discrimination validity and construct validity.ResultsThe final questionnaire, the SHSQ-50, included 50 five-class quantifiable items that encompassed nine subscales: liver stagnation syndrome, liver-Qi deficiency syndrome, spleen-Qi deficiency syndrome, liver-fire syndrome, heart-fire syndrome, stomach-fire syndrome, heart-Qi deficiency syndrome, lung-Qi deficiency syndrome and dampness syndrome. Questionnaires were completed by 268 of the 288 SHS subjects (93.0%) and by 86 of the 94 healthy subjects (91.5%). The Cronbach α coefficients, split-half coefficients and stability coefficients ranged from 0.70 to 0.95, 0.67 to 0.87 and 0.88 to 0.98, respectively, for the overall scores and subscales. The Wilcoxon rank test showed statistically significant differences in the subscales and overall scores between the SHS group and the healthy group (P<0.01). Twelve factors with an eigenvalue greater than one were extracted by factor analysis and merged into nine factors, for which the cumulative contribution rate was 63.63%. The nine factors were corresponded to the overall structure of the questionnaire.ConclusionThe SHSQ-50 is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring TCM syndrome diagnosis of SHS in China

Glomerular C1q deposition and serum anti-C1q antibodies in anti-glomerular basement membrane disease

BACKGROUND: Anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) disease is a well-known antibody-induced autoimmune disease. A few patients have glomerular C1q deposition, but it is usually absent on renal histopathology. The role of C1q deposition in kidney injury is unclear. Recently, anti-C1q antibodies are demonstrated to be pathogenic in the target organ damage of many autoimmune diseases, by facilitating C1q deposition and enhancing complement activation via classical pathway. In the current study, we investigated the associations between anti-C1q antibodies in sera and C1q deposition in kidney of patients with anti-GBM disease. RESULTS: It was shown that the severity of kidney injury was comparable between patients with and without C1q deposition, including the prevalence of oliguria/auria, the median percentage of crescents in glomeruli and the mean concentration of serum creatinine. Serum anti-C1q antibodies were detected in 15/25 (60%) patients with a low titer. The prevalence of C1q deposition in kidney was comparable between patients with and without serum anti-C1q antibodies (26.7% vs. 30.0%, p > 0.05). No association was found between anti-C1q antibodies and the severity of kidney injury. CONCLUSIONS: The classical pathway of complement may not play a pathogenic role in the kidney injury of human anti-GBM disease. Anti-C1q antibodies could be detected in more than half of patients, which need further investigations