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The Influence of Culture on Attitudes Towards Humorous Advertising
open access articl
Single-shot quantum measurements sketch quantum many-body states
Quantum measurements are our eyes to the quantum systems consisting of a
multitude of microscopic degrees of freedom. However, the intrinsic uncertainty
of quantum measurements and the exponentially large Hilbert space pose natural
barriers to simple interpretations of the measurement outcomes. We propose a
nonlinear "measurement energy" based upon the measurement outcomes and an
iterative effective-Hamiltonian approach to extract the most probable states
(maximum likelihood estimates) in an efficient and general fashion, thus
reconciling the non-commuting observables and getting more out of the quantum
measurements. We showcase the versatility and accuracy of our perspective on
random long-range fermion models and Kitaev quantum spin liquid models, where
smoking-gun signatures were lacking. Our study also paves the way towards
concepts such as nonlinear-operator Hamiltonian and applications such as parent
Hamiltonian reconstruction.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figure
Spatio-temporal mapping of variation potentials in leaves of Helianthus annuus L. seedlings in situ using multi-electrode array.
Damaging thermal stimuli trigger long-lasting variation potentials (VPs) in higher plants. Owing to limitations in conventional plant electrophysiological recording techniques, recorded signals are composed of signals originating from all of the cells that are connected to an electrode. This limitation does not enable detailed spatio-temporal distributions of transmission and electrical activities in plants to be visualised. Multi-electrode array (MEA) enables the recording and imaging of dynamic spatio-temporal electrical activities in higher plants. Here, we used an 8 × 8 MEA with a polar distance of 450 μm to measure electrical activities from numerous cells simultaneously. The mapping of the data that were recorded from the MEA revealed the transfer mode of the thermally induced VPs in the leaves of Helianthus annuus L. seedlings in situ. These results suggest that MEA can enable recordings with high spatio-temporal resolution that facilitate the determination of the bioelectrical response mode of higher plants under stress
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