A primal-dual algorithm for BSDEs

We generalize the primal-dual methodology, which is popular in the pricing of early-exercise options, to a backward dynamic programming equation associated with time discretization schemes of (reflected) backward stochastic differential equations (BSDEs). Taking as an input some approximate solution of the backward dynamic program, which was pre-computed, e.g., by least-squares Monte Carlo, our methodology allows to construct a confidence interval for the unknown true solution of the time discretized (reflected) BSDE at time 0. We numerically demonstrate the practical applicability of our method in two five-dimensional nonlinear pricing problems where tight price bounds were previously unavailable

RESEARCH ON THE BATTNG MECHANISM OF BASEBALL

The purpose of this study is to improve the batting technique of Chinese baseball athletes through the application of biomechanical analysis. In order to perform successfully, the batting technique of Chinese baseball players requires immediate improvement. The best approach is to improve the traditional batting technique, training methods, and to introduce a new batting mechanism. In practice, batters must emphasize contraction of the muscles around the last joints of arm. The accuracy of batting is of primary importance. The batter starts to swing when the distance between the coming ball and the front line of rubber is about 3.4m. The swinging and batting time should not exceed 0.1s, and the vertical displacement of the gravity of body is near zero during batting. In the instant of contact, the arm is bent and the wrist turns over. These results with the new batting mechanism have been used in practice for more than 3 years, and the feedback from China Baseball Team indicates that the research results have been effective and can be applied easily

Erdosteine prevents contrast-induced renal oxidative stress damage in mice

Purpose: To investigate the protective effect of erdosteine on contrast-induced renal oxidative stress in mice. Methods: C57BL/6 mice were injected intraperitoneally with contrast medium to establish an acute kidney injury model (AKI). Renal function, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (SCr) were determined. Also, oxidative stress, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced glutathione (GSH) were evaluated. And the renal tissue structure was examined by light microscopy, while Western blot (WB) and Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to determine the expressions of senescence-related factor, Nrf-2 and downstream antioxidant factor. Results: Erdosteine improved the renal structure of mice and significantly decreased serum BUN and SCr levels. In addition, erdosteine promoted the expression of antioxidant enzymes SOD1, SOD2, GPX1 and GPX3 in renal tissues, decreased the content of ROS, and inhibited the content of LDH and MDA in serum. Also, WB and RT-PCR results showed that erdosteine activated Nrf2 pathway, thereby alleviating contrast-induced renal injury. Conclusion: Erdosteine inhibits contrast-induced renal oxidative stress in mice and delays cell senescence by activating Nrf2 pathway. This will be of great significance in the treatment of contrast-induced nephropathy

The Study of Fluorescence Thermal Measurement Based on DSP

AbstractA FFT algorithm with the DSP processor based on TMS320C5402 and fluorescence thermal measurement based on DSP are proposed. Basing on the Fast Fourier transform (FFT), the fluorescence lifetime is obtained from the tangent function of the phase angle of the first non-zeroth items of the FFT result. This method has a series of advantages such as quick calculation, high accuracy and immunity to the base signal, so the stability, real time and speediness of fluorescence thermal measurement system can be advantaged