Modal Analysis of Cylindrical Gears with Arcuate Tooth Trace

In this paper, the forming principle, meshing features and tooth surface equation were introduced. And the modal parameters distribution of cylindrical gears with arcuate tooth trace was researched. The results show: 1. The modulus was the biggest impact factor for modal and natural frequency of cylindrical gears with arcuate tooth trace, then tooth width, and the radius of tooth line have the minimum influence; 2. When the modulus increased, natural frequency of cylindrical gears with arcuate tooth reduced rapidly; 3. When the tooth width increased, natural frequency of cylindrical gears with arcuate tooth has a tendency to rise except for first-order modal; 4. The influence of radius of tooth line can be basic ignored; 5. The second-order modal and third-order modal, fifth-order modal and sixth-order modal was very close. The research on cylindrical gears with arcuate tooth trace in this paper has a certain reference value on gear design and selection

Systemic Infection and Limited Replication of SHIV Vaccine Virus in Brains of Macaques Inoculated Intracerebrally with Infectious Viral DNA

AbstractSHIV deleted in two accessory genes, ΔvpuΔnef SHIVPPC, functioned well as a vaccine against later challenge with highly pathogenic SHIVKU, and it was able to reach the brain after oral inoculation of live virus. In this study, the proviral genome cloned into a plasmid was inoculated as DNA intracerebrally and spread systemically. Few regions of the brain had detectable proviral DNA by real-time PCR. Two measures of virus replication, detection of viral mRNA expression and circular proviral DNA, were negative for those brain regions, with the exception of the infection site in the right parietal lobe, whereas lymphoid tissues were positive by both measures. Histopathological analyses of all the sampled brain and spinal cord regions did not reveal any abnormalities. Despite intracerebral inoculation of the viral DNA, the brain was not targeted for high levels of virus replication

Quantitative evaluation of the immunodeficiency of a mouse strain by tumor engraftments

© 2015 Ye et al. Background: The mouse is an organism that is widely used as a mammalian model for studying human physiology or disease, and the development of immunodeficient mice has provided a valuable tool for basic and applied human disease research. Following the development of large-scale mouse knockout programs and genome-editing tools, it has become increasingly efficient to generate genetically modified mouse strains with immunodeficiency. However, due to the lack of a standardized system for evaluating the immuno-capacity that prevents tumor progression in mice, an objective choice of the appropriate immunodeficient mouse strains to be used for tumor engrafting experiments is difficult. Methods: In this study, we developed a tumor engraftment index (TEI) to quantify the immunodeficiency response to hematologic malignant cells and solid tumor cells of six immunodeficient mouse strains and C57BL/6 wild-type mouse (WT). Results: Mice with a more severely impaired immune system attained a higher TEI score. We then validated that the NOD-scid-IL2Rg-/- (NSI) mice, which had the highest TEI score, were more suitable for xenograft and allograft experiments using multiple functional assays. Conclusions: The TEI score was effectively able to reflect the immunodeficiency of a mouse strain.Link_to_subscribed_fulltex

The interaction between <i>AVPR1A</i> RS3 and 3-level childhood adversity on the availability to social interaction.

<p>The interaction between <i>AVPR1A</i> RS3 and 3-level childhood adversity [CA, no, mild-moderate, severe] on availability to social integration (AVSI) [a] and on availability to attachment (AVAT), in males [b] and females [c]). Dots indicate estimated marginal means and error bars represent one standard error of the mean. Open diamonds represent those homozygous for the long (L) allele group, filled squares represent the carriers of at least one short (S) allele. Statistical significance between genotypes in specific childhood adversity group, as well as statistical significance of the <i>AVPR1A</i> * CA interaction (GXE) are indicated: * <i>P</i><0.05, ** <i>P</i><0.005.</p

Allele frequency distribution of <i>AVPR1A</i> RS3.

<p>Allele frequency distribution of <i>AVPR1A</i> RS3.</p

Impact of Childhood Adversity and <i>Vasopressin receptor 1a</i> Variation on Social Interaction in Adulthood: A Cross-Sectional Study

<div><p>Background</p><p>Arginine vasopressin (AVP) plays a role in social behavior, through receptor AVPR1A. The promoter polymorphism <i>AVPR1A</i> RS3 has been associated with human social behaviors, and with acute response to stress. Here, the relationships between <i>AVPR1A</i> RS3, early-life stressors, and social interaction in adulthood were explored.</p><p>Methods</p><p>Adult individuals from a Swedish population-based cohort (<i>n</i> = 1871) were assessed for self-reported availability of social integration and social attachment and for experience of childhood adversities. Their DNA samples were genotyped for the microsatellite <i>AVPR1A</i> RS3.</p><p>Results</p><p>Among males, particularly those homozygous for the long alleles of <i>AVPR1A</i> RS3 were vulnerable to childhood adversity for their social attachment in adulthood. A similar vulnerability to childhood adversity among long allele carriers was found on adulthood social integration, but here both males and females were influenced.</p><p>Limitation</p><p>Data were self-reported and childhood adversity data were retrospective.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>Early-life stress influenced the relationship between <i>AVPR1A</i> genetic variants and social interaction. For social attachment, <i>AVPR1A</i> was of importance in males only. The findings add to previous reports on higher acute vulnerability to stress in persons with long <i>AVPR1A</i> RS3 alleles and increased AVP levels.</p></div

ANCOVAs testing the effects of childhood adversity, <i>AVPR1A</i> RS3 genotypes (SS+SL <i>vs</i> LL) and their interaction on AVSI and AVAT.

<p><i>AVPR</i>: <i>AVPR1A</i> RS3.</p><p>AVSI: Availability of social integration.</p><p>AVAT: Availability of attachment.</p><p>CA: Childhood adversity.</p><p>ANCOVA adjusted for age, gender and education level.</p><p>^a Comparison between SS+SL and LL groups.</p><p>ANCOVAs testing the effects of childhood adversity, <i>AVPR1A</i> RS3 genotypes (SS+SL <i>vs</i> LL) and their interaction on AVSI and AVAT.</p

The interaction between <i>AVPR1A</i> RS3 and 2-level childhood adversity on the availability to social interaction.

<p>The interaction between <i>AVPR1A</i> RS3 and 2-level childhood adversity [CA, no or yes] on availability to social integration (AVSI) [a] and on availability to attachment (AVAT), in males [b] and females [c]). Dots indicate estimated marginal means and error bars represent one standard error of the mean. Open diamonds represent those homozygous for the long (L) allele group, filled squares represent the carriers of at least one short (S) allele. Statistical significance between genotypes in each childhood adversity group, as well as statistical significance of the <i>AVPR1A</i> * CA interaction (GXE) are indicated. * <i>P</i><0.05, ** <i>P</i><0.005.</p