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??????????????? ????????? ???????????? ???????????? ?????? ?????????????????? ??????????????? ?????? ???????????? ??????. ??? ??????????????? ??????????????? ??? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ????????? ??????????????? ????????? ???????????????. ?????? ??????????????? ????????? ??? ?????? ????????? ???????????????, ??? ?????? ????????? diethylnitrosamine (DEN)??? C3H/HeN ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ??? ?????? ????????? ????????? ???????????????. DEN?????? ????????? ???????????? ?????? alkaline phosphatase (ALP) ??????, TUNEL positive ???????????? ??????, ??? ???????????? ?????? ???????????? duct??? ??????, ?????????????????? ????????????, Masson???s trichrome ???????????? ????????? ???????????? ???, ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????????? ????????? ???????????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??? ?????????. ?????????, ??????????????? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ?????? ?????????????????? ??????, ?????? ?????? ??? ????????? ???????????? ??????????????? ???????????? ???????????? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??? ?????????. ???????????? ???????????? ????????? ???????????? ??????, ???????????? ???????????? ???????????? ?????? ????????? ???, solvent partition ????????? ???????????? ????????? ???????????? hexane, ethyl acetate, water ???????????? ???????????????. ?????? ??????????????? ?????? ????????? ??????????????? ??????????????? ???, ethyl acetate ???????????? ??????????????? ????????? ?????????????????? ??????????????? ?????? ??????????????? ???????????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ??? ?????????. ????????? ethyl acetate???????????? ???????????? ????????? ????????? ??? ?????????, ??????????????? ????????? ??? ?????? ????????? ????????? ?????????. ???????????????, ??????????????? ????????? ????????????????????? ?????? ????????? ??? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ?????? ??????????????? ????????? ??? ?????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ???????????????. ?????????, ?????? ??????????????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ??????????????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ??? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ??????.clos

Risk factors associated with death due to severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in hospitalized Korean patients (2018–2022)

Objectives Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) has no vaccine or treatment and an extremely high fatality rate. We aimed to analyze and evaluate the risk factors for death associated with SFTS. Methods Among reports from 2018 to 2022, we compared and analyzed 1,034 inpatients aged 18 years or older with laboratory-confirmed SFTS who underwent complete epidemiological investigations. Results Most of the inpatients with SFTS were aged 50 years or older (average age, 67.6 years). The median time from symptom onset to death was 9 days, and the average case fatality rate was 18.5%. Risk factors for death included age of 70 years or older (odds ratio [OR], 4.82); agriculture-related occupation (OR, 2.01); underlying disease (OR, 7.20); delayed diagnosis (OR, 1.28 per day); decreased level of consciousness (OR, 5.53); fever/chills (OR, 20.52); prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (OR, 4.19); and elevated levels of aspartate aminotransferase (OR, 2.91), blood urea nitrogen (OR, 2.62), and creatine (OR, 3.21). Conclusion The risk factors for death in patients with SFTS were old age; agriculture-related occupation; underlying disease; delayed clinical suspicion; fever/chills; decreased level of consciousness; and elevated activated partial thromboplastin time, aspartate aminotransferase, blood urea nitrogen, and creatine levels

A Millimeter-Wave GaN MMIC Front End Module with 5G NR Performance Verification

This paper proposes a millimeter-wave (mmWave) 5G front end module (FEM) based on multiple gallium nitride (GaN) monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs) with 5G new radio (NR) performance verification. The proposed structure is configured by a wide band GaN single-pole double-throw (SPDT) switch MMIC, a GaN low-noise amplifier (LNA) MMIC, and a GaN power amplifier (PA) MMIC with the target operation band from 26.5 GHz to 29.5 GHz. The LNA and PA MMICs are designed with 150 nm GaN/SiC technology, and the SPDT MMIC is designed with 100 nm GaN/Si. The LNA MMIC shows the measured noise figure less than or equal to 2.52 dB within the operation band. The PA MMIC is based on a two-stage configuration and shows about 35 dBm measured saturated power with power-added efficiency better than 34% within the operation band. Also, the SPDT MMIC is based on an artificial transmission line configuration for wideband performance and shows that the measured insertion loss is less than 1.6 dB, and the measured isolation is higher than 25 dB within the operation band. Furthermore, all MMICs are integrated within a single carrier as an FEM and successfully verified by 5G NR test signals

Anti-Obesity Effects of Morus alba L. and Aronia melanocarpa in a High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese C57BL/6J Mouse Model

The present study investigated the synergic effect of extracts of Morus alba (MA) and Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) (AR) against high-fat diet induced obesity. Four-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into five groups that were fed for 14 weeks with a normal diet (ND), high-fat diet (HD), HD with M. alba 400 mg/kg body weight (MA), HD with A. melanocarpa 400 mg/kg body weight (AR), or HD with a mixture (1:1, v/v) of M. alba and A. melanocarpa (400 mg/kg) (MA + AR). Treatment with MA, AR, and MA + AR for 14 weeks reduced high fat diet-induced weight gain and improved serum lipid levels, and histological analysis revealed that MA and AR treatment markedly decreased lipid accumulation in the liver and adipocyte size in epididymal fat. Furthermore, micro-CT images showed MA + AR significantly reduced abdominal fat volume. Expression levels of genes involved in lipid anabolism, such as SREBP-1c, PPAR-gamma, CEBP alpha, FAS, and CD36 were decreased by MA + AR treatment whereas PPAR-alpha, ACOX1, and CPT-1a levels were increased by MA + AR treatment. Protein expression of p-AMPK and p-ACC were increased in the MA + AR group, indicating that MA + AR ameliorated obesity by upregulating AMPK signaling. Together, our findings indicate that MA and AR exert a synergistic effect against diet-induced obesity and are promising agents for managing obesity

Post-operative rehabilitation using a digital healthcare system in patients who had undergone rotator cuff repair: protocol for a single-center randomized controlled trial

Background : Operative repair of a rotator cuff tear requires up to 12 weeks of post-operative (post-op) home-based rehabilitation. Maintaining patients’ compliance in the post-op rehabilitation program is a pivotal component for generating successful outcomes. By developing a post-op rehabilitation-oriented digital healthcare system and applying it in patients who had undergone rotator cuff repair, we aim to increase the efficacy of the rehabilitation program and raise patients’ compliance levels. Here, we present a protocol developed for comparing the efficacy of rehabilitation using a newly developed augmented reality (AR)-based digital healthcare system with that of conventional rehabilitation for post-op rehabilitation of rotator cuff repair. Methods : This study will recruit a total of 115 patients who had undergone rotator cuff repair within 3 days after surgery. Patients will be randomly allocated to rehabilitation using an AR-based digital healthcare system (digital group) or conventional rehabilitation (conventional group). Patients in both groups will perform brochure-based exercises from the immediate post-op period to post-op 6 weeks. From post-op 6 weeks to 12 weeks, patients in the digital group will use the AR-based system for post-op exercises, whereas patients in the conventional group will continue brochure-based rehabilitation exercises. The primary outcome will be scores on the Simple Shoulder Test at post-op 12 weeks. Secondary outcomes include numeric rating scale scores for pain, measures of range of motion and muscle strength of the affected shoulder, grip strength of the affected arm, scores on the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand test, the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index, and the EuroQoL-5D-5L quality-of-life measure. Analyses will be conducted using an intention-to-treat approach. Discussion : This study will examine the effectiveness of an AR-based digital healthcare system for post-op rehabilitation in the patients after rotator cuff repair. The study will add evidence for the application of digital healthcare systems in post-op rehabilitation. Trial registration : ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04511377. Registered on 10 August 2020.This research is supported by a grant of the Korea Health Technology R&D Project through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute (KHIDI), funded by the Ministry of Health & Welfare, Republic of Korea (grant number : HI19C0781). The funding source has no role in the design of this study and its execution, analyses, interpretation of the data, or decision to submit results

A Case of More Abundant and Dysplastic Adenomas in the Interposed Colon than in the Native Colon

We report a 60-year-old woman with intramucosal adenocarcinoma arising in the interposed colon, 40 years after the esophageal reconstruction for lye induced esophageal stricture. Although synchronous adenomas were also found in the native colon where the graft was taken, the number of adenomas was greater in the interposed colon and more dysplastic, even progressed to adenocarcinoma, than that of the native colon. The microsatellite instability-testing performed in the intramucosal carcinoma from interposed colon showed absence of microsatellite instability. Changing of location and functional deman]d of colonic segment, and the exposure to different intraluminal contents might have facilitated the adenomacarcinoma transformation in the interposed colon

Effectiveness of interactive augmented reality-based telerehabilitation in patients with adhesive capsulitis: protocol for a multi-center randomized controlled trial

Background As the primary treatment for adhesive capsulitis, intensive and accurate home exercise is as important as physical therapy in hospitals. Augmented reality (AR)-based telerehabilitation has been implemented recently in various musculoskeletal conditions to increase patient compliance and enable patients to exercise with the correct posture. The objective of this study is to present a protocol for investigating the additive effect of interactive AR-based telerehabilitation in comparison with the usual care for patients with adhesive capsulitis. Methods This study presents the protocol of a prospective, multi-center, single-blinded, two-armed randomized controlled trial (RCT). One hundred patients with stage I or II adhesive capsulitis will be recruited at the physical medicine and rehabilitation clinic. Patients will be randomly divided into two groups with 1:1 allocation. The intervention group will receive 3 months of hospital-based physical therapy in conjunction with home-based telerehabilitation. The control group will receive 3 months of hospital-based physical therapy in conjunction with a home-based exercise described in a brochure provided by the hospital. The primary outcome will be the change in passive range of motion (ROM) of the affected shoulder joint from baseline to 12 weeks after baseline assessment. The secondary outcomes will be active ROM, pain measured with the numeric rating scale, shoulder pain and disability index, 36-Item Short Form Survey, EuroQoL-5D-5L, and Canadian Occupational Performance Measure. Discussion This will be the first RCT study protocol to investigate the effect of telerehabilitation in patients with adhesive capsulitis. The result of this RCT will determine whether AR-based telerehabilitation is more effective than a brochure-based home exercise program and will provide evidence of the usefulness of telerehabilitation using hardware (IoT) and software (monitoring platform) technologies to develop digital therapeutics for the future. Trial registration This trial was retrospectively registered at the Clinicaltrials.gov website on 20 March 2020, with the identifier NCT04316130This research was reviewed by external peers during funding process and is being financially supported by a grant from the Korea Health Technology R&D Project through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute, funded by the Ministry of Health & Welfare, Republic of Korea (grant number: HI19C0781). The funding body supports the design of the study and collection, participant support costs, and publication fee