Prevalence of chronic otitis media according to the general characteristics of KNHNES participants.

<p>COM, chronic otitis media; SE, standard error; KNHANES, Korean national health and nutrition examination survey;</p><p>*weighted for the multistage sampling design of KNHANES 2010~2012</p><p>Prevalence of chronic otitis media according to the general characteristics of KNHNES participants.</p

Prevalence of chronic otitis media by age group and sex in Korean adults.

<p>The prevalence of chronic otitis media increased with age in both sexes.</p

Prevalence of chronic otitis media according to the medical conditions of KNHANES participants.

<p>COM, chronic otitis media; SE, standard error; KNHANES, Korean national health and nutrition examination survey;</p><p>*weighted for the multistage sampling design of KNHANES 2010~2012</p><p>Prevalence of chronic otitis media according to the medical conditions of KNHANES participants.</p

Prevalence of chronic otitis media according to blood test, hearing threshold, and questionnare of quality of life.

<p>EQ-5D, Euro Qol-5D; KNHANES, Korean national health and nutrition examination survey;</p><p>*weighted for the multistage sampling design of KNHANES 2010~2012</p><p>Prevalence of chronic otitis media according to blood test, hearing threshold, and questionnare of quality of life.</p

Prevalence of chronic otitis media according to otologic conditions of KNHANES participants.

<p>KNHANES, Korean national health and nutrition examination survey;</p><p>*weighted for the multistage sampling design of KNHANES 2010~2012</p><p>Prevalence of chronic otitis media according to otologic conditions of KNHANES participants.</p

Adjusted odds ratio for the association between chronic otitis media and risk factors.

<p>OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; EQ-5D, Euro Qol-5D</p><p>Adjusted odds ratio for the association between chronic otitis media and risk factors.</p

Proximal Arterial Occlusion in Acute Ischemic Stroke with Low NIHSS Scores Should Not Be Considered as Mild Stroke

<div><p>Background</p><p>Untreated acute mild stroke patients have substantial 90-day disability rates and worse outcomes than those who are treated with thrombolysis. There is little information regarding which patients with acute mild stroke will benefit from thrombolysis. We sought to investigate factors that are associated with early neurological deterioration (END) and poor prognosis in patients with acute mild stroke.</p><p>Methods</p><p>This was a retrospective study of consecutively registered patients with acute mild stroke (NIHSS ≤3) at our tertiary stroke center between October 2008 and December 2011. END was defined as an increase in NIHSS ≥2 points between hospital days 0 and 5. Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores of 0–1 at 90 days post-stroke were defined as favorable outcomes.</p><p>Results</p><p>A total of 378 (mean age, 65.9±13.0 years) patients were included in this study. END occurred in 55 patients (14.6%). IV-thrombolysis was performed in only 9 patients. Symptomatic arterial occlusion on the initial MRA was independently associated with END (OR, 2.206; 95% CI, 1.219–3.994; <i>p</i> = 0.009) by multivariate logistic regression. Of the 119 patients with symptomatic arterial occlusion, ICA occlusion was independently associated with END (OR, 8.606; 95% CI, 2.312–32.043; <i>p</i> = 0.001).</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>This study demonstrates that symptomatic arterial occlusion may be an important predictor of END in patients with acute mild stroke. It may therefore be important to consider that acute ischemic stroke with symptomatic arterial occlusion and low NIHSS scores may not represent mild stroke in acute periods.</p></div

General characteristics of subjects.

<p>Baseline NIHSS scores, onset to visit time, and initial blood glucose levels were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney <i>U</i> test after tests of normality.</p><p>END, early neurological deterioration; TOAST, Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment; LAA, large artery atherosclerosis; CE, cardioembolism; SVO, small vessel occlusion; UD, undetermined; NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; PAI, perforating artery infarcts; PI, pial infarcts; BI, border zone infarcts; TI, territorial infarcts; LI, lacunar infarcts; IVT, intra-venous thrombolysis; IAR, intra-arterial revascularization.</p>*<p>Lesion patterns were analyzed only in patients with lesions in anterior circulation.</p

The distribution of various types of END and mRS scores of 0–1 and 0–2 at 90 days in terms of baseline NIHSS scores (^*<i>p</i> for trends <0.05).

<p>The distribution of various types of END and mRS scores of 0–1 and 0–2 at 90 days in terms of baseline NIHSS scores (^*<i>p</i> for trends <0.05).</p

Associations between END types and various occlusion sites in 119 patients with symptomatic arterial occlusions.

*<p>Numbers in parenthesis: numbers of END/numbers of patients with symptomatic arterial occlusion, numbers of severe END/numbers of patients with symptomatic arterial occlusion, respectively.</p><p>Adjusted by age, female, and initial NIHSS scores.</p