Kaplan-Meier survival plots of persistent head tilt after inferior oblique myectomy in superior oblique palsy.

<p>The cumulative probabilities of persistent head tilt at 24 months after surgery were 20% in patients without a trochlear nerve. The patients with a trochlear nerve showed 14% at 24 months after surgery. (<i>P</i> = 0.486, log-rank test).</p

Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Congenital Superior Oblique Palsy Compared between Patients with a Trochlear Nerve (Present Group) versus Those without a Trochlear Nerve (Absent Group).

<p>Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Congenital Superior Oblique Palsy Compared between Patients with a Trochlear Nerve (Present Group) versus Those without a Trochlear Nerve (Absent Group).</p

Kaplan-Meier survival plots of undercorrection of hypertropia after inferior oblique myectomy in superior oblique palsy.

<p>The cumulative probabilities of undercorrection and recurrence of hypertropia at postoperative 24 months were 21% in the absent group, contrary to 0% in the present group (<i>P</i> = 0.014, log-rank test).</p

Cox proportional hazards model in Motor Failure and Persistent Head Tilt.

<p>Cox proportional hazards model in Motor Failure and Persistent Head Tilt.</p

Kaplan-Meier survival plots of motor success after inferior oblique myectomy in superior oblique palsy.

<p>The cumulative probabilities of motor success at 24 months after surgery were 86% in patients without a trochlear nerve by Kaplan-Meier analysis. In patients with a trochlear nerve, cumulative probabilities of motor success at 24 months were 92%and all cases of failure were revealed as masked bilateral SOP. There was no significant difference in the cumulative probabilities of overall success at postoperative 24 months between both groups (<i>P</i> = 0.138, log-rank test).</p

PRISMA 2009 checklist.

PurposeTo evaluate the efficacy of inverted internal limiting membrane (ILM) flap technique in full-thickness macular holes (MHs) with a size of ≤400 μm compared to the ILM peeling technique.MethodsRelated literatures that compared inverted ILM flap and ILM peeling in MHs ≤ 400 μm were reviewed by searching electronic databases including Pubmed, EMbase, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Cochrane Library up to April 2023. The primary outcome measure was hole closure rate, and the secondary outcome measures were the mean postoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), retinal sensitivity, and outer status of the retinal layers, including the external limiting membrane and ellipsoid zone. The quality of the articles was assessed according to the revised version of the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials or the Newcastle–Ottawa scale. In the case of heterogeneity, a sensitivity analysis was conducted, and publication bias was visually evaluated using a funnel plot.ResultsThis review included six studies with 610 eyes for the primary outcome and 385 eyes for the secondary outcomes, which were two randomized control trials and four retrospective studies. Pooled data revealed that the overall MH closure rate was 99.4% in the inverted ILM flap group and 96.2% in the ILM peeling group, without significant difference between the two groups (odds ratio = 3.91; 95% confidence interval, 0.82~18.69; P = 0.09). The inverted ILM flap technique did not have a favorable effect on the BCVA, retinal sensitivity, or recovery of the outer retinal layers. These results were consistent with those of the subgroup analysis of the different follow-up periods. No significant publication bias was observed.ConclusionIn eyes with MHs of ≤400 μm, both techniques demonstrated excellent surgical outcomes without significant differences. Therefore, surgical techniques can be selected according to surgeon preferences.</div

Assessment of the risk of bias in included randomized controlled trials according to the revised version of Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials.

In two studies, overall assessment was identified as low risk.</p

Technical and clinical success rates of self-expandable metallic stent placement according to the presence of carcinomatosis.

<p>SEMS, self-expandable metallic stent; GOOSS, gastric outlet obstruction scoring system</p><p>Technical and clinical success rates of self-expandable metallic stent placement according to the presence of carcinomatosis.</p

Characteristics of studies included in the meta-analysis: Baseline characteristics of the inverted internal limiting membrane flap and internal limiting membrane peeling groups.

Characteristics of studies included in the meta-analysis: Baseline characteristics of the inverted internal limiting membrane flap and internal limiting membrane peeling groups.</p

Forest plot of comparison of macular hole closure rate between the inverted internal limiting membrane flap and internal limiting membrane peeling groups.

No significant difference was observed between two groups. A fixed-effects model was used with no heterogeneity. CL, confidence interval; ILM, internal limiting membrane; M–H, Mantel–Haenszel.</p