105 research outputs found
The trans-ancestral genomic architecture of glycemic traits
Glycemic traits are used to diagnose and monitor type 2 diabetes and cardiometabolic health. To date, most genetic studies of glycemic traits have focused on individuals of European ancestry. Here we aggregated genome-wide association studies comprising up to 281,416 individuals without diabetes (30% non-European ancestry) for whom fasting glucose, 2-h glucose after an oral glucose challenge, glycated hemoglobin and fasting insulin data were available. Trans-ancestry and single-ancestry meta-analyses identified 242 loci (99 novel; P < 5 × 10−8), 80% of which had no significant evidence of between-ancestry heterogeneity. Analyses restricted to individuals of European ancestry with equivalent sample size would have led to 24 fewer new loci. Compared with single-ancestry analyses, equivalent-sized trans-ancestry fine-mapping reduced the number of estimated variants in 99% credible sets by a median of 37.5%. Genomic-feature, gene-expression and gene-set analyses revealed distinct biological signatures for each trait, highlighting different underlying biological pathways. Our results increase our understanding of diabetes pathophysiology by using trans-ancestry studies for improved power and resolution
Multiplexed Holograms by Surface Plasmon Propagation and Polarized Scattering
Thanks
to the superiority in controlling the optical wave fronts,
plasmonic nanostructures have led to various striking applications,
among which metasurface holograms have been well developed and endowed
with strong multiplexing capability. Here, we report a new design
of multiplexed plasmonic hologram, which allows for reconstruction
of multiple holographic images in free space by scatterings of surface
plasmon polariton (SPP) waves in different propagation directions.
Besides, the scattered polarization states can be further modulated
by arranging the orientations of nanoscatterers. By incorporation
of the SPP propagation and polarized scattering, a 4-fold hologram
with low crosstalk is successfully demonstrated, which breaks the
limitation of only two orthogonal states in conventional polarization
multiplexers. Moreover, our design using the near-field SPP as reference
wave holds the advantage for compact integration. This holographic
approach is expected to inspire new photonic designs with enhanced
information capacity and integratability
The imaging experiment of the phantom using the different coils.
<p>(a) A picture of the cylindrical phantom filled with 0.5 S.m<sup>-1</sup> NaCl solution. (b) The copper surface resonator at 300 K with SNR of 52. (c) The QD surface resonator at 300 K with the distance of 5 mm with SNR of 86. (d) The copper surface resonator at 77 K with SNR of 88. (e) The QD surface resonator at 300 K close to the phantom with SNR of 139. (f) The HTS surface resonator at 77 K with SNR of 200. The SNR gain is mainly contributed by the reducing noise. A SNR gain of 1.43 was obtained by using the HTS-based surface resonator with the same acquisition time as the QD surface resonator close to the phantom.</p
The SNR obtained from different kind of surface resonators.
<p>The distance between the HTS surface resonator/copper surface resonator and the phantom is d, while the distance between the QD surface resonator and the phantom is D.</p><p>The SNR obtained from different kind of surface resonators.</p
The experimental setup of the different coils and the details of the QD surface resonator.
<p>(a) The 3T system setup of the phantom experiment, where the QD surface resonator was put inside the QD volume resonator. (b) The 3T system setup of the phantom experiment, where the matching and signal pick-up resonator with a tuning variable capacitance was put under the cryostat and the HTS surface resonator. (c) Top left: the QD surface resonator, Top right: the preamplifier, and the bottom: the QD volume resonator. (d) The top: The geometry of QD form circuit, the bottom: the circuit diagram of the matching and signal pick-up resonator with the variable tuning trimmer capacitor C<sub>1</sub> and the Bi-2223 surface resonator.</p
The comparison of SNR gain with the HTS surface resonator at 77 K, the copper surface resonator at 300 K, the copper surface resonator at 77 K, the QD surface resonator at 300 K with the distance of 5 mm and the QD surface resonator at 300 K close to the phantom.
<p>(a) It clearly shows almost no increase in signal intensity and mainly from the loss of noise. (b) The SNR gain of the HTS surface resonator at 77 K over the QD surface resonator at 300 K and professionally-made copper surface resonator at 77 K/ 300 K.</p
General specification of the HTS, copper, QD surface and QD volume resonators.
<p>General specification of the HTS, copper, QD surface and QD volume resonators.</p
Statistical maps of group comparison of mean diffusion (MD) value on a voxelwise basis.
<p>The group’s mean FA skeleton (green) was overlaid on the Montreal Neurological Institute template. Sea level immigrants show significantly lower MD value than high altitude residents (p<0.001, corrected).</p
White matter volume changes in sea level immigrants versus high altitude residents.
<p>Sections (sagittal, coronal, and axial view) depicting regions showing decreased white matter in the right superior frontal gyrus (p<0.001, uncorrected).</p
Integrated Process To Recover NiMH Battery Anode Alloy with Selective Leaching and Multistage Extraction
Hydrometallurgy is a widely studied recovery process to recover NiMH
battery, but the large chemical consumption restricted its application
in industry. To achieve a low chemical consumption recovery process
of NiMH battery anode alloy, an integrated process with selective
leaching and multistage extraction was designed. In selective leaching,
the leaching procedure was divided into four stages. The acid used
could be reacted with the battery anode alloy totally except in the
last stage. The metal components of the alloy have different reaction
activities with acid, and they were leached into liquor by the sequence
La > Pr > Nd > Ce > Al > Mn > Co > Ni. Hence,
the selectivity of metals
was achieved to make the following extraction much easier. The total
chemical consumption was calculated by the ratio of UMAC/UMAC<sub>min</sub> and <i>S</i>, which in this integrated process
was 60% less than in traditional recovery process. Through this recovery
process, the recovery rate of rare earth elements (REEs) reached 90.5%,
and the purity of the rare earth oxide (REO) product exceeded 99%.
This integrated process was considered as a practical approach to
recover the waste alloy
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