Efficient Volumetric Method of Moments for Modeling Plasmonic Thin-Film Solar Cells with Periodic Structures

Metallic nanoparticles (NPs) support localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs), which enable to concentrate sunlight at the active layer of solar cells. However, full-wave modeling of the plasmonic solar cells faces great challenges in terms of huge computational workload and bad matrix condition. It is tremendously difficult to accurately and efficiently simulate near-field multiple scattering effects from plasmonic NPs embedded into solar cells. In this work, a preconditioned volume integral equation (VIE) is proposed to model plasmonic organic solar cells (OSCs). The diagonal block preconditioner is applied to different material domains of the device structure. As a result, better convergence and higher computing efficiency are achieved. Moreover, the calculation is further accelerated by two-dimensional periodic Green's functions. Using the proposed method, the dependences of optical absorption on the wavelengths and incident angles are investigated. Angular responses of the plasmonic OSCs show the super-Lambertian absorption on the plasmon resonance but near-Lambertian absorption off the plasmon resonance. The volumetric method of moments and explored physical understanding are of great help to investigate the optical responses of OSCs.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figure

The Value Orientation of Entrepreneurial University Curriculum Design

According to the essential characteristics and personnel training characteristics of entrepreneurial university, in accordance with the characteristics and objectives of curriculum, and combined with the latest theoretical research of entrepreneurship curriculums at home and abroad, this essay adopts literature data and logic analysis method to explore entrepreneurial universities on the real value of curriculum design. The results are that entrepreneurial universities in the curriculum design mainly treated social standard as the main, ignored the value of the individual, in addition, curriculums’ goal is single, as well as rigid in terms of creative personnel training. We should establish a wide range of educational values in Entrepreneurial universities’ curriculum reform: realizing effective integration between educational localization and educational internationalization; taking into account the main educational values; achieving an effective balance between scientific world and the world of life; focusing on the development of personality and building the harmonious development of human beings

Transcriptome Analysis Revealed a Highly Connected Gene Module Associated With Cirrhosis to Hepatocellular Carcinoma Development

IntroductionCirrhosis is one of the most important risk factors for development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Recent studies have shown that removal or well control of the underlying cause could reduce but not eliminate the risk of HCC. Therefore, it is important to elucidate the molecular mechanisms that drive the progression of cirrhosis to HCC.Materials and MethodsMicroarray datasets incorporating cirrhosis and HCC subjects were identified from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were determined by GEO2R software. Functional enrichment analysis was performed by the clusterProfiler package in R. Liver carcinogenesis-related networks and modules were established using STRING database and MCODE plug-in, respectively, which were visualized with Cytoscape software. The ability of modular gene signatures to discriminate cirrhosis from HCC was assessed by hierarchical clustering, principal component analysis (PCA), and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Association of top modular genes and HCC grades or prognosis was analyzed with the UALCAN web-tool. Protein expression and distribution of top modular genes were analyzed using the Human Protein Atlas database.ResultsFour microarray datasets were retrieved from GEO database. Compared with cirrhotic livers, 125 upregulated and 252 downregulated genes in HCC tissues were found. These DEGs constituted a liver carcinogenesis-related network with 272 nodes and 2954 edges, with 65 nodes being highly connected and formed a liver carcinogenesis-related module. The modular genes were significantly involved in several KEGG pathways, such as “cell cycle,” “DNA replication,” “p53 signaling pathway,” “mismatch repair,” “base excision repair,” etc. These identified modular gene signatures could robustly discriminate cirrhosis from HCC in the validation dataset. In contrast, the expression pattern of the modular genes was consistent between cirrhotic and normal livers. The top modular genes TOP2A, CDC20, PRC1, CCNB2, and NUSAP1 were associated with HCC onset, progression, and prognosis, and exhibited higher expression in HCC compared with normal livers in the HPA database.ConclusionOur study revealed a highly connected module associated with liver carcinogenesis on a cirrhotic background, which may provide deeper understanding of the genetic alterations involved in the transition from cirrhosis to HCC, and offer valuable variables for screening and surveillance of HCC in high-risk patients with cirrhosis