An estimation-based approach for range image segmentation:on the reliability of primitive extraction

This paper presents a new algorithm for estimation-based range image segmentation. Aiming at surface-primitive extraction from range data, we focus on the reliability of the primitive representation in the process of region estimation. We introduce an optimal description of surface primitives, by which the uncertainty of a region estimate is explicitly represented with a covariance matrix. Then the reliability of an estimate is interpreted in terms of “measure of uncertainty”. The segmentation approach follows the region-growing scheme, in which the regions are estimated in an iterative way. With the probabilistic model proposed in this paper, surface homogeneity is defined and tested by an optimal criterion. A notable feature of the algorithm is that the order of merging is organized to lead the growth towards the most reliable representation of the merged region. Concerned with man-made objects in the scene, we restrict the class of surface primitives to be quadric or planar. The proposed algorithm has been applied to real data and synthetic data and demonstrated with experimental results

Vitamin E Inhibits Osteoclastogenesis in Protecting Osteoporosis

The most common orthopedic condition affecting senior adults is osteoporosis, which is defined by a decrease in bone mass and strength as well as microstructural degradation that leads to fragility fractures. Bone remodeling is a well-planned, ongoing process that replaces deteriorated, old bone with new, healthy bone. Bone resorption and bone creation work together during the cycle of bone remodeling to preserve the bone’s volume and microarchitecture. The only bone-resorbing cells in the human body, mononuclear preosteoclasts fuse to form osteoclasts, are multinucleated cells. In numerous animal models or epidemiological studies, vitamin E’s anti-osteoporotic characteristics have been extensively described. This review aims to summarize recent developments in vitamin E’s molecular features as a bone-protective agent. In RANKL/RANK/OPG signaling pathway, vitamin E inhibits synthesis of RANKL, stimulation of c-Fos, and increase level of OPG. Vitamin E also inhibits inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, IL-27, and MCP-1, negative regulating the JAK–STAT, NF-κB, MAPK signaling pathways. Additionally, vitamin E decreases malondialdehyde and increases superoxide dismutase, GPx and heme oxygenase-1, in suppressing osteoclasts. In this article, we aim to give readers the most recent information on the molecular pathways that vitamin E uses to enhance bone health

An Alternative to Center-based Clustering Algorithm via Statistical Learning Analysis

This paper presents an alternative for center-based clustering algorithms, in particular the k-means algorithm, via statistical learning analysis. The essence of statistical learning principle, i.e., both the empirical risk and structural assessment, is taken into particular consideration for the clustering algorithm so as to derive and develop the relevant minimization mathematical criterion with automatic parameter learning and model selection in parallel. The proposed algorithm roughly decides on the number of clusters, by earning activation for the winners and assigning penalty for the rivals, so that the most competitive center wins for possible prediction and the extra ones are driven far away when starting the algorithm from a too large number of clusters without any prior knowledge. Simulation experiments prove the feasibility of the algorithm and show good performances of the double learning tasks during clustering.Anglai

An unsupervised Gaussian mixture classification mechanism based on statistical learning analysis

This paper presents a scheme for unsupervised classification with Gaussian mixture models by means of statistical learning analysis. A Bayesian Ying-Yang harmony learning system acts as a statistical tool for the particular derivation and development of automatic joint parameter learning and model selection. The proposed classification mechanism roughly decides on the number of real classes, by earning activation for the winners and assigning penalty for the rivals, so that the most competitive center wins for possible prediction and the extra ones are driven far away when starting the algorithm from a too large number of classes without any prior knowledge. Simulation experiments prove the feasibility of the approach and show good performance for unsupervised classification and natural estimation on the number of classes.Anglai

Bone-targeting exosome nanoparticles activate Keap1 / Nrf2 / GPX4 signaling pathway to induce ferroptosis in osteosarcoma cells

Abstract Background In recent years, the development of BMSCs-derived exosomes (EXO) for the treatment of osteosarcoma (OS) is a safe and promising modality for OS treatment, which can effectively deliver drugs to tumor cells in vivo. However, the differences in the drugs carried, and the binding of EXOs to other organs limit their therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, improving the OS-targeting ability of BMSCs EXOs and developing new drugs is crucial for the clinical application of targeted therapy for OS. Results In this study, we constructed a potential therapeutic nano platform by modifying BMSCs EXOs using the bone-targeting peptide SDSSD and encapsulated capreomycin (CAP) within a shell. These constructed nanoparticles (NPs) showed the ability of homologous targeting and bone-targeting exosomes (BT-EXO) significantly promotes cellular endocytosis in vitro and tumor accumulation in vivo. Furthermore, our results revealed that the constructed NPs induced ferroptosis in OS cells by prompting excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), Fe2+ aggregation, and lipid peroxidation and further identified the potential anticancer molecular mechanism of ferroptosis as transduced by the Keap1/Nrf2/GPX4 signaling pathway. Also, these constructed NP-directed ferroptosis showed significant inhibition of tumor growth in vivo with no significant side effects. Conclusion These results suggest that these constructed NPs have superior anticancer activity in mouse models of OS in vitro and in vivo, providing a new and promising strategy for combining ferroptosis-based chemotherapy with targeted therapy for OS