Energy Efficient Transmission over Space Shift Keying Modulated MIMO Channels

Energy-efficient communication using a class of spatial modulation (SM) that encodes the source information entirely in the antenna indices is considered in this paper. The energy-efficient modulation design is formulated as a convex optimization problem, where minimum achievable average symbol power consumption is derived with rate, performance, and hardware constraints. The theoretical result bounds any modulation scheme of this class, and encompasses the existing space shift keying (SSK), generalized SSK (GSSK), and Hamming code-aided SSK (HSSK) schemes as special cases. The theoretical optimum is achieved by the proposed practical energy-efficient HSSK (EE-HSSK) scheme that incorporates a novel use of the Hamming code and Huffman code techniques in the alphabet and bit-mapping designs. Experimental studies demonstrate that EE-HSSK significantly outperforms existing schemes in achieving near-optimal energy efficiency. An analytical exposition of key properties of the existing GSSK (including SSK) modulation that motivates a fundamental consideration for the proposed energy-efficient modulation design is also provided

An Old Bottle for the New Wine: Understanding the Duty of Honest Performance under the Objective Theory

Bhasin v Hrynew has many dimensions and potentially affects almost every aspect of Anglo-Canadian contract law. This article is limited to one aspect only: the duty of honest performance (“DHP”). My article attempts to show that the objective theory can provide a solid foundation and a different thinking framework for understanding and developing the DHP. If I am right, the DHP may be placed on a sound footing, independently of the organizing principle of good faith. Section I of this article traces the duty’s development from Bhasin to Callow. Section II argues that under the objective theory, reasonable expectations of the parties are symmetrical, because reasonableness, as a transactional term, merely represents the world shared between the parties. Section III discusses the DHP under the framework of symmetry. Specifically, I discuss the possible developments of the knowledge requirement, the inclusive and exclusive bases under the DHP, the interpretations of equivocation and silence, why the DHP necessarily exists, and why breach of the DHP should be reliance-based. L’affaire Bhasin c. Hrynew comporte de nombreuses dimensions et a de potentielles répercussions sur presque tous les aspects du droit des contrats anglo-canadien. Le présent article se limite à un seul aspect : le devoir d’exécution honnête (« DEH »). Mon article tente de montrer que la théorie objective peut fournir une base solide et un cadre de pensée différent pour comprendre et développer le DEH. Si j’ai raison, le DEH peut être placé sur une base solide, indépendamment du principe organisateur de la bonne foi. La section I du présent article retrace l’évolution de l’obligation énoncée dans l’arrêt Bhasin à l’arrêt Callow. La section II soutient qu’en vertu de la théorie objective, les attentes raisonnables des parties sont symétriques, parce que le caractère raisonnable, en tant que terme transactionnel, représente simplement le monde partagé entre les parties. La section III examine le DEH dans le cadre de la symétrie. Plus précisément, je discute des développements possibles de l’exigence de connaissance, des bases inclusives et exclusives du DEH, des interprétations de l’équivoque et du silence, des raisons pour lesquelles le DEH existe nécessairement, et des raisons pour lesquelles la violation du DEH devrait être fondée sur la confiance