Access to Information and Services Regarding Maternal Health and Healthcare Within Tribal Communities Around Udaipur, Rajasthan

The following study seeks to investigate access to antenatal and delivery-related services and information among women residing in rural, tribal communities around Udaipur, Rajasthan, and to analyze determinants that affect such access. More specifically, it seeks to evaluate one determinant in particular: that of association with and use of the services provided by the nonprofit organization Seva Mandir, which works with rural communities throughout southern Rajasthan in order to facilitate the improvement of health and development activities and outcomes. Methods used for the collection of the data upon which the study draws were qualitative: interviews were conducted with 27 women in communities with which Seva Mandir does and does not work, as well as with 5 frontline health workers who serve within those areas. Interview questions consisted of both direct, concrete inquiries regarding use or completion of particular aspects of antenatal or delivery-related care, as well as more open-ended questions concerning purpose of care and the types of information provided by frontline health workers. Thus, this study seeks to contribute to the existing body of literature regarding maternal health outcomes in Rajasthan by analyzing accessibility of both information and awareness of best practices in maternal health and of high-quality services during the antenatal and intranatal periods. Findings indicate that such awareness remains limited, even among women who experience high-quality care before and during delivery. Thus, the results of the study suggest that greater efforts must be made to transform the role of women from service beneficiaries to health agents

Relationship of Paroxysmal Atrial Tachyarrhythmias to Volume Overload

BACKGROUND: Clinical experience suggests that atrial tachyarrhythmias (ATs) are a frequent comorbidity in heart failure patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction and that volume overload may increase AT susceptibility. However, substantiating this apparent relationship in free-living patients is difficult. Recently, certain implantable cardioverter-defibrillators provide, by measuring transpulmonary electric bioimpedance, an index of intrathoracic fluid status (OptiVol index [OI]). The goal of this study was to determine whether periods of greater intrathoracic fluid congestion (as detected by OI) correspond with increased AT event frequency. METHODS AND RESULTS: This analysis retrospectively assessed the relation between AT events and OI estimate of volume overload in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction and OI-capable implantable cardioverter-defibrillators. OI values were stratified into 3 levels: group 1, \u3c40; group 2, 40 to 60; and group 3, \u3e60. An OI threshold-crossing event was defined as OI \u3e or = 60, a value previously associated with clinically significant volume overload. Findings in 59 patients (mean left ventricular ejection fraction, 24%) with 225 follow-up visits (mean, 3.8 visits per patient) were evaluated. AT prevalence was 73%. AT frequency (percent of patients visits with at least 1 episode of AT since previous device interrogation) was greater in group 3 versus group 1 (P=0.0342). Finally, in terms of temporal sequence, AT episodes preceded OI threshold-crossing event in 43% of incidences, followed threshold-crossing event in 29%, and was simultaneous or indeterminate in the remainder. CONCLUSIONS: These findings not only support the view that worsening pulmonary congestion is associated with increased AT frequency in patients with left ventricular dysfunction but also suggest that AT events may be responsible for triggering episodic pulmonary congestion more often than previously suspected

Impact of nicotine replacement therapy as an adjunct to anti-tuberculosis treatment and behaviour change counselling in newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patients: an open-label, randomised controlled trial.

We evaluated the impact of intensive smoking cessation activities as an adjunct to anti-tuberculosis treatment on patient-related treatment outcomes. In this open-label, randomised controlled trial, self-reporting smokers with pulmonary tuberculosis who initiated standard anti-tuberculosis treatment were randomised to either nicotine replacement therapy and behaviour change counselling (n = 400) or counselling alone (n = 400) provided at baseline and two follow-up visits. The primary outcomes were change in TBscore at 24-weeks and culture conversion at 8-weeks. Biochemical smoking quit rates defined as serum cotinine levels <10 ng/mL and/or exhaled carbon monoxide levels <6 ppm (47·8% vs 32·4%, p-value =< 0·001) and self-reported quit rates (69.3% vs 38·7%, p-value =< 0·001) were significantly higher in the intervention arm at 24-weeks. Though the TBscores at 24 weeks (95% CI) were lower in the intervention arm [2·07 (1·98, 2·17) versus 2.12 (2·02, 2·21)], the difference was not clinically meaningful. Patients in the control arm required treatment extension more often than intervention arm (6·4% vs 2·6%, p-value = 0·02). Combining nicotine replacement therapy with behaviour change counselling resulted in significantly higher quit rates and lower cotinine levels, however, impact on patient-related (TBscore) or microbiological outcomes (culture conversion) were not seen

A Review of Pharmacologic Treatment for Compulsive Buying Disorder

At present, no treatment recommendations can be made for compulsive buying disorder. Recent studies have found evidence for the efficacy of psychotherapeutic options, but less is known regarding the best pharmacologic treatment. The purpose of this review is to present and analyze the available published evidence on the pharmacological treatment of compulsive buying disorder. To achieve this, we conducted a review of studies focusing on the pharmacological treatment of compulsive buying by searching the PubMed/MEDLINE database. Selection criteria were applied, and 21 studies were identified. Pharmacological classes reported included antidepressants, mood stabilizers, opioid antagonists, second-generation antipsychotics, and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists. We found only placebo-controlled trials for fluvoxamine; none showed effectiveness against placebo. Three open-label trials reported clinical improvement with citalopram; one was followed by a double-blind discontinuation. Escitalopram was effective in an open-label trial but did not show efficacy in the double-blind phase. Memantine was identified as effective in a pilot open-label study. Fluoxetine, bupropion, nortriptyline, clomipramine, topiramate and naltrexone were only reported to be effective in clinical cases. According to the available literature, there is no evidence to propose a specific pharmacologic agent for compulsive buying disorder. Future research is required for a better understanding of both pathogenesis and treatment of this disorder.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Joint Spectral Theory Using Clifford Algebra

Spectral theory is the study of eigenvalues and eigenvectors of operators or matrices on Hilbert spaces. If we study more than one operator, then the spectrum is generalized to the joint spectrum. Various spectra have been defined by different authors for a collection of operators. Pryde and McIntosh introduced a new operator named Clifford operator and a spectral set associated with a collection of operators to study its joint spectra. We further explored the joint spectrum and proved interesting perturbation results and inequalities using the Clifford operator

Use of alcohol among treatment seeking illicit drug users in India

Introduction: Concomitant multiple substance use by clients in drug abuse treatment settings has been recognized as an important treatment issue for many years, and remains under-researched in Indian context. Aim: To examine the patterns and prevalence of concomitant alcohol and illicit drug use among the patients seeking treatment for illicit drug use. Materials and Methods: A total of 110 patients attending the National drug dependence treatment centre having multiple drug use were included for the present study. Data was collected by face-to-face structured interview on a semi-structured proforma. Results: It was observed that overall 38.2% of the illicit drug users had concomitant alcohol use. Concomitant use of alcohol was found to be 37.1%, 45.5% and 44.4% among heroin, cannabis users and Doda (opium) users respectively. The maximum quantity of alcohol consumption was reported by patients who used opium (Doda) (mean = 703.13 ml/day). A multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that middle aged males and those with lower educational levels, were at greater risk for concomitant exposure to alcohol and illicit drugs. Conclusion: Many people use alcohol in combination with illicit drugs. Clinicians should warn every patient about alcohol-drug interactions, especially those at high risk for concomitant exposure. These findings have implications for prevention, as well as clinical risk for adverse consequences of concomitant alcohol and illicit drug consumption

Delusional parasitosis of face in a factory worker

Delusional parasitosis is a form of monohypochondriacal psychosis, a condition sometimes encountered in psychiatric or dermatological clinical practice. The exact etiology and outcome of this condition is not well known. A patient with delusional parasitosis of face who responded to aripiprazole is described

Mania in dengue fever

Dengue fever, also known as break bone fever, is a mosquito-borne infection that causes a severe flu-like illness. During the last few years, there had been increasing reports of dengue fever with unusual manifestations, primarily with neurological symptoms. Psychiatric morbidity during acute dengue infection has rarely been reported. There has not been any systemic study mentioning the prevalence and pattern of psychiatric sequelae. We report a 28-year-old male who after an acute dengue infection developed an episode of mania which was successfully treated