Singular Value Decomposition Based Image Coding for Achieving Additional Compression to JPEG Images

Computer technology these days is most focused on storage space and speed. Considerable advancements in this direction can be achieved through the usage of digital image compression techniques. In this paper we present a well studied singular value decomposition based JPEG image compression technique. Singular Value Decomposition is a way of factorizing matrices into a series of linear approximations that expose the underlying structure of the matrix. SVD is extraordinarily useful and has many applications such as data analysis, signal processing, pattern recognition, objects detection and weather prediction. An attempt is made to implement this method of factorization to perform second round of compression on JPEG images to optimize storage space. Compression is further enhanced by the removal of singularity after the initial compression performed using SVD. MATLAB R2010a with image processing toolbox is used as the development tool for implementing the algorithm

ExplainIt! -- A declarative root-cause analysis engine for time series data (extended version)

We present ExplainIt!, a declarative, unsupervised root-cause analysis engine that uses time series monitoring data from large complex systems such as data centres. ExplainIt! empowers operators to succinctly specify a large number of causal hypotheses to search for causes of interesting events. ExplainIt! then ranks these hypotheses, reducing the number of causal dependencies from hundreds of thousands to a handful for human understanding. We show how a declarative language, such as SQL, can be effective in declaratively enumerating hypotheses that probe the structure of an unknown probabilistic graphical causal model of the underlying system. Our thesis is that databases are in a unique position to enable users to rapidly explore the possible causal mechanisms in data collected from diverse sources. We empirically demonstrate how ExplainIt! had helped us resolve over 30 performance issues in a commercial product since late 2014, of which we discuss a few cases in detail.Comment: SIGMOD Industry Track 201

Sm-Nd age and mantle source characteristics of the Dhanjori volcanic rocks, Eastern India

Trace, Rare Earth Element (REE), Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd isotope analyses have been carried out on selected basic-ultrabasic rocks of Dhanjori volcanic belt from the Eastern Indian Craton (EIC). The Sm-Nd isotopic data of these rocks yield an isochron age of 2072 ± 106 Ma (MSWD = 1.56). Chondrite normalized REE plots display shallow fractionated REE pattern with LREE enrichment. In primitive mantle normalized plots also these rocks show shallow fractionated pattern with depletion of Nb and Ba and enrichment of LILE like Rb, Th and U. Depletion of Nb, Ba and Zr and enrichment of Rb, Th and U are found in N-MORB normalized plots as well. Compatible elements like Tb, Y and Yb on the other hand, show a flat pattern. Isotope, trace and REE modelling indicate that these were produced by 3− 5% partial melting of a spinel lherzolite source. The Nd isotopic data suggest that an enriched (εNd = -2.4) mantle existed below the Dhanjori basin during ~2.1 Ga. The enrichment was possibly caused by continuous recycling of the earlier crust into the mantle whereby subducted slab derived fluid modified the surrounding mantle. The process also affected the more easily susceptible Rb-Sr systematics producing variable Sri (0.702-0.717). The enriched mantle material, part of a thermal plume, pierced through the deep fractures produced due to the cooling and readjustment of the Archaean continental crust and ultimately outpoured within the Dhanjori basin. The plume magmatism was manifested by the extrusion of komatiitic/basaltic flows and basic/ultrabasic intrusives. The residence time of the plume within the upper mantle was possibly very small as no depleted signature (even in Nd isotope) has been obtained. This means a deep plume was fed by a recycled oceanic crust via globally extensive subduction process, already initiated by the end-Archaean period

Response of flower quality and physiological characters of Jasminum sambac (L.) to modified planting system and pruning schedule

Increasing planting density in Jasminum sambac (L.) is a recent trend among farmers and an effective strategy for improving flower productivity without affecting the standard of flower buds. This study aimed to establish the effect of varied plant density with different pruning levels on the flower quality during off, peak and lean seasons in J. sambac during 2021-‘22. The treatments comprised of four levels of plant density viz., D1- one plant pit-1 (control), D2 - two plants pit-1, D3 - three plants pit-1, D4 - four plants pit-1 and two levels of pruning viz., P1 - one pruning year-1(control), P2 - two prunings  year-1. The trial was laid out in Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD) with three replications. The important traits on flower quality parameters namely the total length of the flower bud, length of the flower bud without corolla tube and corolla tube length, were influenced significantly (P<0.05) by three plants pit-1 (D3) and two prunings year-1 (P2). But there was no interaction effect between plant density and pruning frequency for these flower quality parameters. The interaction effect was also significantly (P<0.05) influenced by the physiological and biochemical traits, namely chlorophyll content, total phenol content, soluble protein and Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) oxidase activity. The pooled analysis data of the treatment T6 (D3P2) was found superior due to increased plant density combined with alteration in pruning. This performed better with enhanced number of new shoots and produced good quality flower buds through enhancement of physiological activity in all three seasons (off, peak and lean) when compared to conventional planting T1 (D1P1) method

Multiwavelength carbon recombination line observations with the very large array toward an ultracompact H II region in W48: physical properties and kinematics of neutral material

Using the Very Large Array (VLA) the C76α and C53α recombination lines (RLs) have been detected toward the ultracompact H II region (UC H II region) G35.20-1.74. We also obtained upper limits to the carbon RLs at 6 cm (C110α and C111α) and 3.6 cm (C92α) wavelengths with the VLA. In addition, continuum images of the W48A complex (which includes G35.20-1.74) are made with angular resolutions in the range 14"-2". Modeling the multiwavelength line and continuum data has provided the physical properties of the UC H II region and the photodissociation region (PDR) responsible for the carbon RL emission. The gas pressure in the PDR, estimated using the derived physical properties, is at least 4 times larger than that in the UC H II region. The dominance of stimulated emission of carbon RLs near 2 cm, as implied by our models, is used to study the relative motion of the PDR with respect to the molecular cloud and ionized gas. Our results from the kinematical study are consistent with a pressure-confined UC H II region with the ionizing star moving with respect to the molecular cloud. However, based on the existing data, other models to explain the extended lifetime and morphology of UC H II regions cannot be ruled out

Degree days and demography of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on maize at different temperatures

The temperature has a direct effect on the activity of insect pests and their developmental rate. The increasing temperature could profoundly influence the population dynamics, life cycle, length of reproduction, fecundity, and longevity. In the present study, the impact of different temperatures (32, 33, 34, 35 and 36°C) on the degree days and population fitness of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) was evaluated under artificial conditions. The results showed that for S. frugiperda, an average of 690.38 degree days was required to complete the total life span. The total larval developmental time, pupal duration and adult longevity required 237.38, 184.47 and 228.10 degree days, respectively. The life history data of S. frugiperda were analysed by using TWOSEX-MSChart. An increase in temperature reduced the developmental time of S. frugiperda at age x and stage j. The highest reproductive value (vx) of S. frugiperda was obtained at 34°C (600 individuals per day) and was found to be reduced at a further increase in temperature of 35°C (260 individuals per day) and 36°C (120 individuals per day). These results signify the improved fitness of S. frugiperda with increasing temperature levels, and the degree days help to predict the development pattern of S. frugiperda based on heat accumulation