Višestruka otpornost želučano-crijevnih oblića ovaca na antihelmintike u južnoj Indiji

The occurrence of anthelmintic resistance on three institutional sheep farms in Tamil Nadu, India was investigated using the Faecal Egg Count Reduction Test (FECRT) for both benzimidazoles and levamisole, the egg hatch assay for benzimidazole (BZD) and Larval Migration Inhibition Assay (LMIA) for levamisole (LEV). FECR value after treatment with albendazole and levamisole ranged from 69-80 and from 70-82 respectively in the three farms examined. The ED50 values for TBZ in EHA for isolates from three farms were 0.627, 0.678 and 0.388 μg/mL of TBZ and the LM50 values in LMIA for the isolates from three farms were 0.707, 0.437 and 0.377 μg/mL of LEV. The results of the survey indicated multiple resistance in Haemonchus contortus and Teladorsagia sp. to benzimidazoles and levamisole in farm I, simultaneous resistance in Teladorsagia sp. to benzimidazoles and levamisole in farm II and simultaneous resistance in Haemonchus contortus to benzimidazoles and levamisole in farm III.Pojava otpornosti oblića ovaca na antihelmintike istraživana je na trima farmama u Tamil Nadu u Indiji istražena je testom smanjenja broja jajašaca u izmetu za benzimidazol i levamisol, testom izleženih jajašaca za benzimidazol i testom inhibicije migracije ličinaka za levamisol. Vrijednosti za smanjeni broj jajašaca nakon liječenja albendazolom iznosile su 60 do 80, a nakon liječenja levamisolom 70 do liječenja albendazolom iznosile su 60 do 80, a nakon liječenja levamisolom 70 do 82. Vrijednosti ED50 za tiabendazol u testu izleženih jajašaca za izolate sa svake pojedine farme iznosile su 0,627, 0,678 i 0,388 μg/mL tiabendazola, a vrijednosti LM50 u testu inhibicije migracije ličinaka za izolate sa svake od triju farmi iznosile su 0,707, 0,437 i 0,377 μg/mL levamisola. Rezultati pretrage upućuju na višestruku otpornost vrste Haemonchus contortus i Teladorsagia sp. na benzimidazol i levamisol na farmi I, istodobnu otpornost Teladorsagia sp. na benzimidazol i levamisol na farmi II i istodobnu otpornost oblića Haemonchus contortus na benzimidazol i levamisol na farmi III

Učinkovitost biljnog pripravka protiv cekalne kokcidioze u tovnih pilića

The anticoccidial efficacy of a herbal complex consisting of Solanum nigram (35%), Aloe vera (15%), Moringa indica (35%) and Mentha arvensis (15%) was tested against Eimeria tenella infection in broilers. Thirty day old broiler chicks were divided into 5 experimental groups, each group having 6 chicks, and were maintained on an anticoccidial free diet. Groups A, B, C and D were challenged with 30,000 sporulated oocysts of E. tenella at day 28 of age, while group E served as the uninfected unmedicated control. After 3 days of challenge infection, the birds belonging to groups A and B were treated with herbal complex at the dose rate of 5 and 10% for 7 days continuously. Group C was fed with Salinomycin mixed feed for the same period. In the treatment groups, the birds that received 10% (group B) herbal complex showed better body mass gain between the 4th and 5th weeks (344.34 ± 59.81gm), superior feed conversion ratio (1.77 ± 0.43) and moderate caecal length (11.5 ± 1.19 cm). However, there was no significant difference in the oocyst output between all the treated and control groups. The body mass gain, FCR and caecal length of the uninfected unmedicated group were 461.86 ± 87.03, 1.70 ± 0.46 and 16.9 ± 1.2 cm respectively. Mortality of birds was recorded in groups A and D only.Protukokcidijska učinkovitost biljnoga pripravka sastavljenoga od biljaka Solanum nigram 35%, Aloe vera 15%, Moringa indica 35% i Mentha arvensis 15% istražena je na tovnim pilićima invadiranima kokcidijom Eimeria tenella. Trideset jednodnevnih pilića bilo je podijeljeno u pet pokusnih skupina. U svakoj skupini bilo je šest pilića, koji su do pokusa bili hranjeni krmivom bez protukokcidijskih sredstava. Pilići skupina A, B, C i D bili su u dobi od 28 dana invadirani s 30 000 sporuliranih oocisti E. tenella. Pilići skupine E bili su neinvadirana i neliječena kontrola. Trećega dana nakon izazivačke invazije, pilićima skupina A i B primijenjen je biljni pripravak u količini od 5 do 10% tijekom sedam dana. Skupina C bila je istodobno hranjena krmivom s primiješanim salinomicinom. U pilića skupine B koji su u hrani dobivali 10%-tni biljni pripravak ustanovljen je bolji prirast u razdoblju od 4. do 5. tjedna (344,34 ± 59,81 g), veća iskoristivost hrane (1,77 ± 0,43 g) i srednja dužina slijepog crijeva 11,5 ± 11,9 cm. Nije ustanovljena značajna razlika u broju oocisti između obrađivanih skupina i kontrolne skupine. U neinvadirane i neliječene skupine prirast je iznosio 461,86 ± 87,03, FCR 1,70 ± 0,46, dok je dužina slijepog crijeva iznosila 16,9 ± 1,2 cm. Uginuća su zabilježena samo u skupini A i D

Defects induced enhancement of Eu3+Emission in yttria (Y2O3:Eu3+)

Bixbyite type Y2O3:Eu3+ apart from being the efficient red phosphor extensively used in trichromatic fluorescent lamps, it is a typical system one can apply Jorgensen's refined electron spin pairing theory. This can be used to explain the enhancement in Eu3+ emission intensity observed with the aliovalent substitution in the yttria host matrix. Results based on these are explained qualitatively by considering a simple configurational coordinate model. Futhermore, an insight into the different types of defects induced with the aliovalent substitution in the yttria lattice has become possible with EPR probe

Influence of temperature and body weight on mosquito predation by the dragonfly nymph Mesogomphus lineatus

Different weight classes (25, 50, 100 and 160 mg) of the dragonfly nymph Mesogomphus lineatus were allowed to predate on constant density (15 larvae/aquarium of 500 ml capacity) of healthy fourth instar larvae of Culex fatigans at 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 ±0.5°C to study the interactions of body weight and temperature on satiation time, maximum food intake (C max), and return to maximum appetite. Satiation time is not a temperature dependent factor, but it is significantly influenced by weight; it lasts for 12.0, 16.6 and 39.4 min in the nymphs weighing 50, 100 and 160 mg, respectively. Number of larvae predated (C max) by a 50 mg nymph increases linearly from 1 larva at 10°C to 8 larvae at 35°C; the corresponding increases are from 2 to 11 larvae for the 100 mg nymph and 5 to 24 larvae for the largest nymph (160 mg). Statistical analysis of the data reveals that the maximum food intake of the nymph is significantly dependent on weight as well as temperature. Critical period of food deprivation permitting the return of maximum appetite in these nymphs is a temperature-dependent phenomenon but it was not influenced by weight. At 10°C, the maximum appetite returns after a food-deprivation period of about 60 hrs in all weight classes of the nymph; the corresponding values are about 53, 45, 37, 30 and 22 hrs in the nymphs exposed to 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35°C, respectively

Flexural-Torsional Buckling Tests of Cold-Formed Lipped Channel Beams Under Restrained Boundary Conditions

In this paper, tests on flexural buckling ( Lateral – Torsional) of cold-formed steel(CFS) lipped Channel beams under restrained boundary conditions are described Two point loading for flexural tests have been established for 3.0m span to obtain uniform bending moment. The section sizes selected for testing are 100x50x10 mm, 100x50x15 mm and 100x50x20 mm with 1.6mm and 2.0mm thickness for the investigation. Carefully designed loading and support systems were used in the tests to apply gravity load through the web of the section and to ensure that simply supported ends were established. The test results are compared in the BS5950:Part 5 and IS code 801-1975. The influence of warping and torsional restraints on flexural capacity is presented. The influence of buckling length for different boundary conditions proposed by Rhodes was considered to calculate critical flexural-torsional buckling moment

Chest reporting by radiographers: Findings of an accredited postgraduate programme.

Aim To analyse the objective structured examination (OSE) results of the first six cohorts of radiographers (n = 40) who successfully completed an accredited postgraduate programme in clinical reporting of adult chest radiographs. Methods One hundred chest radiographs were used in the OSE which included a range of abnormal cases (prevalence of abnormal examinations approximated 50%) and included: cardiac, pulmonary, pleural, interstitial, inflammatory, neoplastic and traumatic appearances on patients referred from a range of referral sources. Normal variants and incidental findings were also included. True/false positive and negative fractions were used to mark the responses which were also scored for agreement with the previously agreed expected answers based on agreement between three consultant radiologists' reports. Results Mean sensitivity and specificity rates, for all six cohorts (4000 reports), was 95.4% (95% CI 94.4%–96.3%) and 95.9% (95% CI 94.9%–96.7%), respectively. The mean agreement rate was 89% (95% CI 88.0%–89.0%) and the most common errors were related to heart size, hilar enlargement or pleural effusion (false positive); and skeletal appearances or pneumothoraces (false negative). Conclusions These OSE results suggest therefore that in an academic setting, and following an accredited postgraduate education programme, this group of radiographers has the ability to correctly identify normal chest radiographs and are able to provide a report on the abnormal appearances to a high standard. Further work is required to confirm the clinical application of these findings