Stem segment in vitro culture of chrysanthemum as a method for micropropagation

The effect of several nutritional media on in vitro shoot multiplication of 13 chrysanthemum cultivars grown in our country was investigated. Medium supplemented with a-naphtalenacetic acid and 6-benzylaminopurine was the most efficient for shoot multiplication. The highest shoot multiplication index was achieved for cultivar 'Tigerrag'. Successful rooting of shoots, depending on cultivars, was obtained on a hormone free medium. Acclimatization of 'in vitro' plants was 55-84%. After growing in the field under suitable photoperiod regime, all cultivars flowered.Proučavan je uticaj nekoliko hranljivih podloga na in vitro umnožavanje izdanaka 13 sorti hrizantema koje se gaje u našoj zemlji. Hranljive podloge obogaćene a-naftil sirćetnom i benzil-aminopurinom su bile najefikasnije za mikropropagaciju izdanaka. Najveći indeks umnožavanja izdanaka je postignut kod sorte 'Tigerrag'. Uspešno ožiljavanje (81-100%), u zavisnosti od sorte, je postignuto na hranljivoj podlozi bez hormona. Aklimatizacija 'in vitro' biljčica hrizantema se kretala u opsegu od 55-84%. Posle gajenja u uslovima polja pri odovarajućem fotoperiodu sve sorte su cvetale

Modern approach to neuropsychological assessment as a predictor of computerized cognitive rehabilitation

Neuropsychological tests are specially designed tasks used to assess cognitive function, known to be related to a particular brain structure or pathway. The modern approach in neuropsychological assessment involves the application of the test in a computer application. This approach has many advantages, simple application of other technology and sensors, to get as informative the data. The purpose of this research was to analyze the possibilities for realization of certain neuropsychological tests in the form of computer applications, with the use of an additional sensor and application of the data obtained in rehabilitation. The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test - WCST, a card sorting test, was used as an example of the test. The survey included 20 respondents from the regular population, ages 17-29, selected by the random sample method, who voluntarily accepted to participate in the research. Respondents solved the test in a computer application with an additional sensor attached to an Emotiv Epoc Electroencephalograph. The results show that it takes less time to solve the test in a computer application and that errors that the examiner may make are excluded. Moreover, the additional sensor provides accurate data on registered features that can be used in diagnostics as well as in rehabilitation. All this information cannot otherwise be obtained by the usual test method

Superoxide dismutase activity and isoenzyme profiles in bulbs of snake's head fritillary in response to cold treatment

The activities and isoenzyme profiles of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in in vitro Fritillaria meleagris bulbs in response to cold treatment (4°C) were investigated. Differences in SOD activity and isoenzyme profiles in bulbs under standard growth conditions, six weeks chilling, as well as seven days after the completion of cold treatment are presented. SOD activity initially decreased but then rapidly increased seven days after cold treatment. Four isoforms of SOD are active under standard and chilling conditions, while three isoforms are presented 7 days after cold treatment. Native gel electrophoresis indicated the presence of mitochondrial and chloroplast localized SODs.

Plant regeneration of southern Adriatic iris by somatic embryogenesis

A simple protocol has been developed for plant regeneration by somatic embryogenesis of Southern Adriatic iris (Iris pseudopallida Trinajstić), an endemic species of the Balkan Peninsula. Somatic embryogenesis was induced in zygotic embryo culture on media supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2-10 mgL-1) as the sole plant growth regulator, where both embryogenic calli and somatic embryos were induced. Subsequent decrease of 2,4-D in the media promoted formation of somatic embryos. Developed somatic embryos germinated on medium without growth regulators. The regenerated plantlets had diploid chromosome number. Planted plantlets acclimatized very well under greenhouse and garden conditions.Jednostavan protokol za regeneraciju biljaka procesom somatske embriogeneze razvijen je za južno-jadranski iris (Iris pseudopallida Trinajstić), endemit Balkanskog poluostrva. Somatska embriogeneza je indukovana u kulturi 'zrelih' zigotskih embriona na hranljivoj podlozi obogaćenoj 2,4-dihlorofenoksi sirćetnom kiselinom (2,4-D), (kao jedinim regulatorom rastenja), gde su embriogeni kalus i somatski embrioni formirali. Smanjenje koncentracije 2,4-D u hranljivoj podlozi dovodi do povećanja broja formiranih somatskih embriona. Klijanje somatskih embriona je postignuto na podlozi bez regulatora rastenja. Regenerisane biljčice su imale diploidan broj hromozoma. Aklimatizacija biljaka je bila dobra u uslovima staklenika i bašte.Projekat ministarstva br. 14263

Superoxide dismutase activity and isoenzyme profiles in bulbs of snake's head fritillary in response to cold treatment

The activities and isoenzyme profiles of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in in vitro Fritillaria meleagris bulbs in response to cold treatment (4°C) were investigated. Differences in SOD activity and isoenzyme profiles in bulbs under standard growth conditions, six weeks chilling, as well as seven days after the completion of cold treatment are presented. SOD activity initially decreased but then rapidly increased seven days after cold treatment. Four isoforms of SOD are active under standard and chilling conditions, while three isoforms are presented 7 days after cold treatment. Native gel electrophoresis indicated the presence of mitochondrial and chloroplast localized SODs.Proučavana je aktivnost i izoenzimski profil superoksid dizmutaze (SOD) u lukovicama Fritillaria meleagris gajenim u uslovima in vitro kao odgovor na tretman hlađenja. Prikazane su razlike u aktivnosti SOD kao i izoenzimskim profilima kod lukovica na standardnim uslovima gajenja, posle šest nedelja hlađenja i sedam dana posle završetka tretmana hlađenja. Aktivnost SOD se smanjuje tokom hlađenja dok se značajno povećava sedam dana posle hlađenja. Četiri SOD izoforme su aktivne tokom gajenja u standardnim uslovima i tokom hlađenja dok su tri izoforme detektovane sedam dana posle hladnog tretmana. Nativna gel elektroforeza je pokazala prisustvo aktivnosti mitohondrijalne i hloroplastne SOD.Projekat ministarstva br. 143026

Stem segment in vitro culture of chrysanthemum as a method for micropropagation

The effect of several nutritional media on in vitro shoot multiplication of 13 chrysanthemum cultivars grown in our country was investigated. Medium supplemented with a-naphtalenacetic acid and 6-benzylaminopurine was the most efficient for shoot multiplication. The highest shoot multiplication index was achieved for cultivar 'Tigerrag'. Successful rooting of shoots, depending on cultivars, was obtained on a hormone free medium. Acclimatization of 'in vitro' plants was 55-84%. After growing in the field under suitable photoperiod regime, all cultivars flowered.Proučavan je uticaj nekoliko hranljivih podloga na in vitro umnožavanje izdanaka 13 sorti hrizantema koje se gaje u našoj zemlji. Hranljive podloge obogaćene a-naftil sirćetnom i benzil-aminopurinom su bile najefikasnije za mikropropagaciju izdanaka. Najveći indeks umnožavanja izdanaka je postignut kod sorte 'Tigerrag'. Uspešno ožiljavanje (81-100%), u zavisnosti od sorte, je postignuto na hranljivoj podlozi bez hormona. Aklimatizacija 'in vitro' biljčica hrizantema se kretala u opsegu od 55-84%. Posle gajenja u uslovima polja pri odovarajućem fotoperiodu sve sorte su cvetale

Clonal fidelity of chrysanthemum regenerated from long term cultures

Morphological characteristics of flowers of long term regenerated chrysanthemum, cv. "White Spider", after ten years of micropropagation are investigated. Shoot cultures are established and maintained more than ten years by stem segment culture on MS medium supplemented with BAP and NAA (1.0, 0.1 mgL-1, respectively). Rooting of shoots (100 %) has done on MS medium without hormones and it was very successful after ten years, as well as, after two or eight years of micropropagation. Acclimation of rooted chrysanthemum plantlets at greenhouse conditions was excellent and after appropriate photoperiod "in vitro" plants flowered 90.3 % and have the same flower color, shape and size as mother plants. Flower color changes of "in vitro" plants are observed during another flowering cycle one year after acclimatization. Observed variations of chrysanthemum flowers could be attributed to epigenetic factors.Praćene su morfološke karakteristike cvetova regeneranata cv. "White Spider" posle deset godina gajenja u kulturi in vitro. Izdanci su umnožavani u kulturi segmenata stabla preko aksilarnih pupoljaka na MS podlozi sa α-naftilsirćetnom kiselinom i benzilaminopurinom (0,5 odnosno 1,0 mgL-1), . Praćeno je umnožavanje izdanaka u periodu od devetnaest pasaža (tri godine) kada je došlo do sukcesivnog smanjenja indeksa umnožavanja. Oživljavanje izdanaka je praćeno na MS podlozi bez hormona i bilo je podjednako uspešno posle dve, kao i posle osam i deset godina mikropropagacije. Oživljene biljke hrizantema su uspešno aklimatizovane na uslove staklenika (97 %). Nakon odgovarajućeg fotoperioda, 90,3 % biljaka je cvetalo i imale su identičnu boju cveta matičnim biljkama hrizantema. Promene u boji cveta su uočene kod "in vitro" biljaka u sledećem ciklusu cvetanja, tj. godinu dana posle aklimatizacije. Ove promene bi se mogle pripisati epigenetskim faktorima.nul

Efficient genetic transformation of Impatiens hawkerii Bull. (Balsamiaceae) using agrobacterium rhizogenes

Transformation of Impatiens hawkerii Bull. mediated by Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain A4M70GUS was studied. Hairy roots developed 10 days after inoculation were excised from the shoot explants and transferred onto Murashige and Skoog's (MS) basal medium lacking plant growth regulators. More than 20 hairy root clones were established and eight of them were further analyzed. Each clone differed significantly from the others in growth capacity and lateral branching. Clone C2 showed the highest biomass (20.6 g L-1) as well as the highest number of lateral roots (37 ± 2.2). The transgenic nature of the established hairy root clones was confirmed by GUS assay and PCR analysis. In conclusion, hairy roots were developed for the first time in I. hawkerii Bull., and transgenic hairy root clones showed a distinct morphological nature and growth patterns.Proučavana je genetička transformacija Impatiens hawkerii Bull. posredstvom Agrobacterium rhizogenes soja A4M70GUS. Deset dana posle inokulacije formirali su se transgeni korenovi na eksplantatima izdanaka, a zatim gajeni na Murashige and Skoog's (MS) osnovnoj hranljivoj podlozi bez biljnih regulatora rastenja. Uspostavljene su kulture više od 20 klonova, a 8 je dalje analizirano. Klonovi su se međusobno značajno razlikovali u odnosu na kapacitet rastenja i bočnog grananja. Klon C2 je imao najveću biomasu (20.6 g L-1), kao i najveći broj bočnih korenova (37 ± 2.2). Prisustvo stranih gena u klonovima transgenih korenova je potvrđeno GUS eseja i PCR analize. Transgeni korenovi su dobijeni prvi put kod Impatiens hawkerii Bull. i pokazuju značajne razlike u morfologiji i parametrima rastenja.Projekat ministarstva br. TR-2301

Effect of low temperature on rooting rate and carbohydrate content of Fritillaria meleagris bulbs formed in culture in vitro

Projekat ministarstva br. 143026

Plant regeneration of southern Adriatic iris by somatic embryogenesis

A simple protocol has been developed for plant regeneration by somatic embryogenesis of Southern Adriatic iris (Iris pseudopallida Trinajstić), an endemic species of the Balkan Peninsula. Somatic embryogenesis was induced in zygotic embryo culture on media supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2-10 mgL-1) as the sole plant growth regulator, where both embryogenic calli and somatic embryos were induced. Subsequent decrease of 2,4-D in the media promoted formation of somatic embryos. Developed somatic embryos germinated on medium without growth regulators. The regenerated plantlets had diploid chromosome number. Planted plantlets acclimatized very well under greenhouse and garden conditions.Jednostavan protokol za regeneraciju biljaka procesom somatske embriogeneze razvijen je za južno-jadranski iris (Iris pseudopallida Trinajstić), endemit Balkanskog poluostrva. Somatska embriogeneza je indukovana u kulturi 'zrelih' zigotskih embriona na hranljivoj podlozi obogaćenoj 2,4-dihlorofenoksi sirćetnom kiselinom (2,4-D), (kao jedinim regulatorom rastenja), gde su embriogeni kalus i somatski embrioni formirali. Smanjenje koncentracije 2,4-D u hranljivoj podlozi dovodi do povećanja broja formiranih somatskih embriona. Klijanje somatskih embriona je postignuto na podlozi bez regulatora rastenja. Regenerisane biljčice su imale diploidan broj hromozoma. Aklimatizacija biljaka je bila dobra u uslovima staklenika i bašte.Projekat ministarstva br. 14263