Hyvää ja tehokasta haavanhoitoa : Haavanhoitokansio Kanavakodille

TIIVISTELMÄ Heimonen, Reetta & Junikka, Jessica. Hyvää ja tehokasta haavanhoitoa - Haavanhoitokansio Kanavakodille. Diak Itä, Pieksämäki, syksy 2011, 52 s., 4 liitettä. Diakonia-ammattikorkeakoulu, Hoitoalan koulutusohjelma, sairaanhoitaja (AMK). Opinnäytetyön tarkoituksena oli tehdä haavanhoitokansio Laukaan Kanavakodin työntekijöille. Kansion tavoitteena on yhtenäistää ja kehittää Kanavakodin työyhteisön haavanhoitoa. Tavoitteena oli, että kansio olisi selkeä, tiivis ja käytännönläheinen. Tarkoitus oli, että sen avulla pystyy hoitamaan pientä hoitoa vaativat haavat ammattitaitoisesti ja uusimpien hoitokäytäntöjen mukaisesti. Opinnäytetyö koostuu kahdesta osasta: kansiosta ja kansion tekemiseen liittyvästä raportista. Kansiossa käsitellään pienten traumaattisten haavojen, palovammahaavojen, paleltumavammojen, diabeettisten jalkahaavojen, painehaavojen ja infektoituneiden haavojen tyypillisimmät syyt, oireet ja hoito. Lisäksi kansiosta löytyy haavanhoitotuotteita, ihon rakenteen ja toiminnan esittely sekä haavanparanemisprosessiin vaikuttavien tekijöiden läpikäyminen. Kansiosta kerättiin kyselylomakkeen avulla palautetta työntekijöiltä. Kyselylomakkeessa oli neljä monivalintakysymyksiä ja yksi avoin kysymys. Työntekijät arvioivat kansion selkeäksi ja sisällöltään riittäväksi. Vastaajat kokivat, että siitä on hyötyä heidän työssään. Asiasanat: Haava, haavanhoito, toiminnallinen opinnäytetyöABSTRACT Heimonen, Reetta & Junikka, Jessica. Hyvää ja tehokasta haavanhoitoa – Wound treatment file to Kanavakoti. Diak East, Autumn 2011, 52 p., 4 appendices. Diaconia University of Applied Sciences, Degree Programme in Nursing. Degree: Bachelor on Nursing. The aim of this thesis to make a wound treatment file for workers of Laukaa’s Kanavakoti. The intention of the file is to standardize and develop the wound treatment procedures by the work community of Kanavakoti. The aim was that the file would be clear, concise and practical. The idea was that with it can treat small wounds which require care professionally and in according with the latest management practices. This thesis consists of two parts: the file and making of file related to the report. In the file deals with small traumatic wounds, burn wounds, frostbite wounds, diabetic foot ulcers, pressure ulcers and infected wounds of the most common causes, symptoms and treatment. Besides, the file can be found in the wound care products, skin structure and presentation of the function as well as the wound healing process in going through the factors. The file was collected through questionnaire feedback from workers. The questionnaire had four multiple-choice questions and one open question. Workers rated that the file was clear and the content was sufficient. The respondents felt that it will be useful in their work. Keywords: Wound, wound care, functional thesis.Haavanhoitokansi

Risk of COVID-19 after natural infection or vaccinationResearch in context

Summary: Background: While vaccines have established utility against COVID-19, phase 3 efficacy studies have generally not comprehensively evaluated protection provided by previous infection or hybrid immunity (previous infection plus vaccination). Individual patient data from US government-supported harmonized vaccine trials provide an unprecedented sample population to address this issue. We characterized the protective efficacy of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and hybrid immunity against COVID-19 early in the pandemic over three-to six-month follow-up and compared with vaccine-associated protection. Methods: In this post-hoc cross-protocol analysis of the Moderna, AstraZeneca, Janssen, and Novavax COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials, we allocated participants into four groups based on previous-infection status at enrolment and treatment: no previous infection/placebo; previous infection/placebo; no previous infection/vaccine; and previous infection/vaccine. The main outcome was RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 >7–15 days (per original protocols) after final study injection. We calculated crude and adjusted efficacy measures. Findings: Previous infection/placebo participants had a 92% decreased risk of future COVID-19 compared to no previous infection/placebo participants (overall hazard ratio [HR] ratio: 0.08; 95% CI: 0.05–0.13). Among single-dose Janssen participants, hybrid immunity conferred greater protection than vaccine alone (HR: 0.03; 95% CI: 0.01–0.10). Too few infections were observed to draw statistical inferences comparing hybrid immunity to vaccine alone for other trials. Vaccination, previous infection, and hybrid immunity all provided near-complete protection against severe disease. Interpretation: Previous infection, any hybrid immunity, and two-dose vaccination all provided substantial protection against symptomatic and severe COVID-19 through the early Delta period. Thus, as a surrogate for natural infection, vaccination remains the safest approach to protection. Funding: National Institutes of Health