628 research outputs found
High Resolution Spectroscopy of Balmer-Dominated Shocks in the RCW 86, Kepler and SN 1006 Supernova Remnants
We report results from high resolution optical spectroscopy of three
non-radiative galactic supernova remnants, RCW 86, Kepler's supernova remnant
and SN 1006. We have measured the narrow component H-alpha line widths in
Balmer-dominated filaments in RCW 86 and SN 1006, as well as the narrow
component width in a Balmer-dominated knot in Kepler's SNR. The narrow
component line widths measured in RCW 86 and Kepler's SNR show FWHM of 30-40
km/s, similar to what has been seen in other Balmer-dominated remnants. Of the
remnants in our sample, SN 1006 is the fastest shock (~3000 km/s). The narrow
component H-alpha and H-beta lines in this remnant have a FWHM of merely 21
km/s. Comparing the narrow component widths measured in our sample with those
measured in other remnants shows that the width of the narrow component does
not correlate in a simple way with the shock velocity. The implications for the
pre-heating mechanism responsible for the observed line widths are discussed.Comment: Accepted by A&
Phase-field crystal study of grain-boundary premelting
We study the phenomenon of grain-boundary premelting for temperatures below
the melting point in the phase-field crystal model of a pure material with
hexagonal ordering in two dimensions. We investigate the structures of
symmetric tilt boundaries as a function of misorientation for two different
inclinations and compute in the grand canonical ensemble the disjoining
potential V(w) that governs the fundamental interaction between crystal-melt
interfaces as a function of the premelted layer width w. The results reveal
qualitatively different behaviors for high-angle grain boundaries that are
uniformly wetted, with w diverging logarithmically as the melting point is
approached from below, and low-angle boundaries that are punctuated by liquid
pools surrounding dislocations, separated by solid bridges. This qualitative
difference between high and low angle boundaries is reflected in the
w-dependence of the disjoining potential that is purely repulsive (V'(w)<0 for
all w) above a critical misorientation, but switches from repulsive at small w
to attractive at large w for low angles. In the latter case, V(w) has a minimum
that corresponds to a premelted boundary of finite width at the melting point.
Furthermore, we find that the standard wetting condition (the grain boundary
energy is equal to twice the solid-liquid free energy) gives a much too low
estimate of the critical misorientation when a low-temperature value of the
grain boundary energy is used. In contrast, a reasonable estimate is obtained
if the grain boundary energy is extrapolated to the melting point, taking into
account both the elastic softening of the material at high temperature and
local melting around dislocations.Comment: 24 pages, 13 figures, some figure files with reduced resolution
because of submission size limitations. In the 2nd version, some parts (and
figures) have been modified, especially in Sec. V (discussion
A qualitative study of the health experience of gypsy travellers in the UK with a focus on terminal illness
Aim To understand the experience of terminal care and health care access for Gypsy Travellers, to inform palliative and primary care service provision.
Background Little contemporary research of UK English Romany Gypsy Travellers is available. This ethnic group is often overlooked in ethnic minority health research.
Methods Access to Gypsy Traveller communities was through non-health care channels and required the development of trust through repeated contact over time. English Romany Gypsy Travellers at two Traveller sites participated in face-to-face contacts. Data collection was through field observation and seven semistructured interviews with Gypsy Traveller women who had experience of caring for relatives who were dying. In addition, data were collected over two years through discussion in a members-only Gypsy and Traveller interest e-mail forum.
Findings The culture of Gypsy Travellers is distinct but diverse. Hygiene is important as is discretion and sensitivity to the information requirements of the patient and family. Gypsy Travellers are aware that their mobility (voluntary or enforced) can negatively impact on health care. Home care for the terminally ill is often preferred to hospital care often due to poor understanding of their cultural and personal needs by health care professionals and due to an aversion to ‘bricks and mortar’. Care may be provided by the extended family. Palliative care provision should consider the needs of Gypsy Travellers including respect for their culture and support for caring at home
Good Management Practice in Sustainable Fisheries: The Nature of Success in Fisheries Management
The fisheries and aquaculture sector is of fundamental importance to the Asia-Pacific region providing opportunities for revenue generation and employment, and contributing to food security. This document reviews the current status of inland and marine fisheries resources and their contribution to national economies and food security. Regional fishery data and information stored in FAO databases are analysed to provide a comprehensive picture of production trends of fisheries and aquaculture in the Asia-Pacific region, which is further illustrated by a detailed view of sub-regions and aquaculture production by species groups. It also touches upon issues that require closer attention in order for the fisheries resources to be managed in a responsive and sustainable manner
Few-photon Transport in Fano-resonance waveguide geometries
We present a theoretical study of Fano interference effects in few-photon
transport. Under appropriate conditions, a local defect in an optical waveguide
induces a highly asymmetric transmission lineshape, characteristic of Fano
interference. For a two-level emitter placed adjacent to such a defect, here
modeled as a partially transmitting element, we find an analytical expression
for the full time evolution of single-photon wavepackets and the emitter
excitation probability. We show how the partially transmitting element affects
the emitter lifetime and shifts the spectral position of the effective system
resonances. Using input-output formalism, we determine the single and
two-photon -matrices for both a two-level emitter and a cavity-emitter
system coupled to a waveguide with a partially transmitting element. We show
how the Fano interference effect can be exploited for the implementation of a
Hong-Ou-Mandel switch in analogy with a tunable linear or nonlinear beam
splitter.Comment: 19 pages (incl. a 6 pages long appendix), 5 figure
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