Optical diagnosis in still images of colorectal polyps: comparison between expert endoscopists and PolyDeep, a Computer-Aided Diagnosis system

Background PolyDeep is a computer-aided detection and classification (CADe/x) system trained to detect and classify polyps. During colonoscopy, CADe/x systems help endoscopists to predict the histology of colonic lesions. Objective To compare the diagnostic performance of PolyDeep and expert endoscopists for the optical diagnosis of colorectal polyps on still images. Methods PolyDeep Image Classification (PIC) is an in vitro diagnostic test study. The PIC database contains NBI images of 491 colorectal polyps with histological diagnosis. We evaluated the diagnostic performance of PolyDeep and four expert endoscopists for neoplasia (adenoma, sessile serrated lesion, traditional serrated adenoma) and adenoma characterization and compared them with the McNemar test. Receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed to assess the overall discriminatory ability, comparing the area under the curve of endoscopists and PolyDeep with the chi- square homogeneity areas test. Results The diagnostic performance of the endoscopists and PolyDeep in the characterization of neoplasia is similar in terms of sensitivity (PolyDeep: 89.05%; E1: 91.23%, p=0.5; E2: 96.11%, p<0.001; E3: 86.65%, p=0.3; E4: 91.26% p=0.3) and specificity (PolyDeep: 35.53%; E1: 33.80%, p=0.8; E2: 34.72%, p=1; E3: 39.24%, p=0.8; E4: 46.84%, p=0.2). The overall discriminative ability also showed no statistically significant differences (PolyDeep: 0.623; E1: 0.625, p=0.8; E2: 0.654, p=0.2; E3: 0.629, p=0.9; E4: 0.690, p=0.09). In the optical diagnosis of adenomatous polyps, we found that PolyDeep had a significantly higher sensitivity and a significantly lower specificity. The overall discriminative ability of adenomatous lesions by expert endoscopists is significantly higher than PolyDeep (PolyDeep: 0.582; E1: 0.685, p < 0.001; E2: 0.677, p < 0.0001; E3: 0.658, p < 0.01; E4: 0.694, p < 0.0001). Conclusion PolyDeep and endoscopists have similar diagnostic performance in the optical diagnosis of neoplastic lesions. However, endoscopists have a better global discriminatory ability than PolyDeep in the optical diagnosis of adenomatous polyps.Instituto de Salud Carlos III | Ref. PI21/01771Instituto de Salud Carlos III | Ref. CD22/00087Instituto de Salud Carlos III | Ref. INT22/00009Instituto de Salud Carlos III | Ref. FI22/00203Unión Europea NextGenerationEU/PRTRAgencia Estatal de Investigación | Ref. DPI2017-87494-RAgencia Estatal de Investigación | Ref. PDC2021-121644-I00Xunta de Galicia | Ref. ED431G 2019/06Xunta de Galicia | Ref. ED431C 2022/03-GRCXunta de Galicia | Ref. ED481B-2023-00

Assessing the respiratory impact caused when giant hernias are reinserted into the abdominal cavity, in order to determine the optimal surgical approach

The reinsertion of a large hernia into the abdominal cavity provokes an increase in abdominal volume and pressure that can result in intra-abdominal hypertension. This, in turn, may generate a series of complex changes in cardiopulmonary physiology and induce severe respiratory insufficiency. At present, no objective method exists to evaluate the possibility of this respiratory complication occurring. Accordingly, the present study was undertaken to measure the respiratory consequences of abdominal volume restriction. The data obtained were used to construct a reference table, from which the reduction in FEV1 can be predicted according to the hernia volume reinserted. Thus, the surgeon has access to more accurate information, which greatly facilitates the treatment of large abdominal hernias.</jats:p

Cambio climático en México y distribución potencial del grupo racial de maíz cónico

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of climate change for the period 2041-2060 on potential niche distribution of Mexican conical maize races. To do so, information from 9 823 georeferenced entries, corresponding to 12 races of this racial group was used. An information system with 20 climatic and topographic variables was generated for Mexico, based on climatologies from 1961-1990 and 2041-2060, for which were used images from the portal Earth System Grid (ESG) WorldClim imported into the Idrisi Selva system as images in raster format with a resolution of 2.5 arcmin. For the period 2041-2060 the general circulation model HadGEM2-AO and MIROC5 under two concentration pathways of greenhouse gases (GHG) (rcp4.5 and rcp6.0) were considered. Based on this information system the potential niche distribution of conical maize racial group was modeled by Maxent model. The results showed that climate change for the period 2041-2060 will increase the surface with high environmental suitability for distribution of conical maize racial group. In this regard, is more favorable the outcome that would occur under the path rcp4.5 than under the path rcp6.0 of GHG emissions and concentration. However, a differential effect of climate change on the races that make up the Conical group was identified, concluding that races that mostly benefit from climate change 2041-2060 will be, Mushito from Michoacan, Negrito and Conical, while the most adversely affected in their distribution potential will be Chalqueño, Conical Northern and Mushito.El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el efecto del cambio climático del período 2041-2060 sobre los nichos potenciales de distribución de las razas mexicanas de maíz del grupo cónico. Para ello se utilizó información de datos pasaporte de 9 823 accesiones georreferenciadas, correspondientes a 12 razas de este grupo racial. Se generó un sistema de información con 20 variables climáticas y topográficas para la República Mexicana con base en las climatologías 1961-1990 y 2041-2060, para lo cual se utilizaron imágenes del portal Earth System Grid (ESG) de WorldClim importadas en el sistema Idrisi Selva como imágenes en formato raster con una resolución de 2.5 minutos de arco. Para el período 2041-2060 se consideraron los modelos de circulación general HadGEM2-AO y MIROC5, bajo dos vías de concentración de gases efecto invernadero (GEI) (rcp4.5 y rcp6.0). Con base en este sistema de información se modelaron los nichos potenciales de distribución del grupo racial cónico de maíz mediante el modelo Maxent. Los resultados mostraron que el cambio climático del período 2041-2060, incrementará la superficie con aptitud ambiental alta para la distribución del grupo racial cónico de maíz. A este respecto es más favorable el panorama que se presentaría bajo la ruta rcp4.5 que bajo la ruta rcp6.0 de emisiones y concentración de GEI. Sin embargo, se identificó un efecto diferenciado del cambio climático sobre las razas que integran el grupo Cónico, concluyéndose que las razas que mayormente se beneficiarán del cambio climático 2041-2060 serán, Mushito de Michoacán, Negrito y Cónico, mientras que las que resultarán más afectadas negativamente en su potencial de distribución serán Chalqueño, Cónico Norteño y Mushit

Offshore Geological Hazards: Charting the Course of Progress and Future Directions

Offshore geological hazards can occur in any marine domain or environment and represent a serious threat to society, the economy, and the environment. Seismicity, slope sedimentary instabilities, submarine volcanism, fluid flow processes, and bottom currents are considered here because they are the most common hazardous processes; tsunamis are also examined because they are a secondary hazard generated mostly by earthquakes, slope instabilities, or volcanic eruptions. The hazards can co-occur and interact, inducing a cascading sequence of events, especially in certain contexts, such as tectonic indentations, volcanic islands, and canyon heads close to the coast. We analyze the key characteristics and main shortcomings of offshore geological hazards to identify their present and future directions for marine geoscience investigations of their identification and characterization. This review establishes that future research will rely on studies including a high level of multidisciplinarity. This approach, which also involves scientific and technological challenges, will require effective integration and interplay between multiscale analysis, mapping, direct deep-sea observations and testing, modelling, and linking offshore observations with onshore observations.</jats:p