Pulmonary tuberculosis, a latent risk for health workers as a public health problem

The pulmonary tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, whose reservoir is man and its transmission mechanism is through the "flugge" emitted by infected people when coughing or sneezing, affects the respiratory tract and if not detected and treated in a timely manner can lead the patient to death. At the international, national and state levels, strategies have been created for the eradication of this disease, without success in breaking the chain of transmission, preventing at least its elimination. Tuberculosis demands attention from the health team, representing a latent risk for personnel in direct contact with the patient without the use of protective measures. Currently, it represents a reemergent problem of Public Health in Mexico, given that the incidence of this condition is on the rise. Each year around 15,000 new cases are detected and more than 2,000 deaths due to this cause, mainly affects men, representing 60% of cases by gender. The latent risk for health personnel in Mexico is not sufficiently documented despite representing an important area of opportunity in its dissemination and control, which implies lamentably negative results

Obesity, a real persistent public health problem in Mexico

Abstract: Obesity is a real persistent public health problem in our country that increases the risk of morbidity and mortality. Epidemiological evidences make clear the substantial increase that it has had over time, resulting in an economic impact on health expenditures. The fundamental cause of the presence of this epidemic is due to the modification of lifestyles, which involve bad dietary habits, as well as little or no physical activity; so to focus attention on these styles can be the key not only to solve the problem, but to prevent it. The present review focuses on exposing the most relevant aspects of obesity as a public health problem in our country and the world, based on its conceptualization and classification, the epidemiological figures over the years, the economic implications, as well as the as the causes and strategies for its prevention and control

Empowerment of the diabetic patient, a health strategy for the control of the disease

The modification in the health conditions of populations is a multifactorial and dynamic process influenced by economic, political, cultural, demographic, technological, biological, social and educational aspects, as well as institutional programs focused on the containment and control of the risk factors of the different morbidities. It can be understood that adequate training and the empowerment of self-care actions can have an impact on the improvement of the quality of life of people living with diabetes mellitus, of which self-care is linked to daily health practices and to the decisions made regarding it, these practices are intended to reinforce, restore or impose health or prevent disease. Diabetes can cause a variety of complications and increase the risk of premature death. Genetics, age and family history increase the risk of developing it and can´t be changed, unlike other external factors, due to the multifactor nature, and the controversial that assesses the relationship of food and physical activity and little knowledge about the disease in people who suffer from it, it is difficult to establish an adequate control of it. This is to continue with a negative state in its control

Efecto del etiquetado frontal de advertencia de alimentos y bebidas. La experiencia de otros países de América Latina

Introducción. En México se ha propuesto una serie de estrategias para la prevención y control de la obesidad, como el etiquetado frontal de advertencia, aprobado con la modificación a la NOM 051. Algunos países de América Latina como Chile y Ecuador ya han implementado etiquetados resumidos y simplificados sobre nutrientes relevantes para la salud. Objetivo. Describir la información disponible acerca de los efectos en la elección, compra y consumo de alimentos y bebidas procesadas, posterior a la implementación de un etiquetado nutrimental de advertencia en Chile y Ecuador. Material y métodos. Revisión sistémica en las bases de datos Medline, Pubmed, NCBI, Crossref, Scielo, Redalyc, buscador web y Google Académico. Las palabras claves fueron: etiquetado nutrimental, etiquetado de advertencia y semaforización de alimentos. La búsqueda se realizó en español e inglés. Resultados. Se encontró que existe buena comprensión y aceptabilidad de los sistemas de etiquetado de advertencia, sin embargo, los individuos con mayor nivel socioeconómico y educativo tienen una mayor predisposición a elegir productos más saludables, de igual manera en la elección de un alimento interfieren otros factores como la edad, las preferencias y el precio del producto. Por otro lado, el etiquetado de advertencia octogonal de Chile brinda resultados más favorables en comparación con el etiquetado de semáforo de Ecuador. Conclusiones. Este estudio permite describir un ligero panorama de las expectativas para México, posterior a la entrada en vigor de la modificación de la NOM 051 y muestra que, a pesar de brindar resultados favorables, requerirá estrategias adicionales para reforzar su efecto, esto evitaría resultados negativos

Obesity and its association with other non-transmitted chronic diseases

The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that around 312 million people in the world suffer from obesity, which is defined as "an abnormal or excessive accumulation of fat that can be harmful to health". Aim. Evidence association between obesity and Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases ECNT in adults. Method. A systematic review was carried out based on information published in databases such as Medline, ScienceDirect, INEGI and OMS. Results. The information detected in the network indicates that there is sufficient evidence of the association between obesity and chronic noncommunicable diseases, including diabetes mellitus, hypertension and cancer, and it was found that work between government and society is necessary. , that is, with co-responsibility. Conclusions. There is sufficient evidence of association between obesity and NCD, sedentary lifestyle, the socioeconomic conditions in which the vast majority of the Mexican population lives, the level of schooling and measures to mitigate incomplete obesity, such as labeling of food products without standard to compare and make the decision to consume them or not, among others. Disjointed programs of social reality, designed in the desktop or inherited, do not provide positive results

Impact of an educational intervention on pregnant women with respect to their selfcare

Normal pregnancy is the physiological state of the woman that begins with fertilization and ends with the process of birth and birth with physiological changes present, however, there may be complications that seriously affect the binomial; Self-care refers to the human capacity of individuals to perform actions, whose purpose is to take care of themselves and others. Objective. The objective was to establish the state of the art to detect the effectiveness of an educational intervention to modify the level of knowledge and self-care capacity in pregnant women. Methodology. A review was made of 19 articles with data search in the network such as: Google academic, SciELO, nursing journals, Dialnet, Medigraphic, repositories, master catalog, scientific medical journal among others; using keywords, such as self-care, level of knowledge, pregnancy and educational intervention. Conclusion. The knowledge of self-care in pregnancy is a priority for the mother and the product since it positively impacts the morbidity and mortality rates of both, this allows to reduce complications in the state of health. Otherwise, the result would be definitely negative

Risk factors for kidney damage in patients with type 2 diabetes in the first level of care

The timely identification of risk factors for kidney damage in diabetic patients, such as: hyperglycemia, hypertension, proteinuria, dyslipidemia, obesity and smoking; they must be identified opportunely by the medical personnel during the consultation, through the application of the recommendations that are issued, by the clinical practice guide "Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the First Level of Care", to reduce the presence of kidney damage in the short term and avoid high costs to the patient, family and society. Objective. The objective was to establish the state of the art regarding the risk factors and renal function in patients with type 2 diabetes in the first level of care. Methodology. A systematic search was conducted in Google academic, SciELO, CrossRef and PubMed. Results we reviewed 20 publications, 1 official standard, 3 guidebooks, 1 book chapter. Conclusions. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic no communicable disease, that if there is effective control from the moment of its diagnosis by the treating medical personnel in the first level of attention; The onset of complications will be prolonged, through the timely identification of risk factors to cause kidney damage to the patient, consequently with this high costs of treatments, which means negative impact

Factors that trigger childhood obesity, a public health problem

Obesity is a global pandemic and children are a vulnerable group. Obesity in childhood and adolescence has a negative impact on the health and burden of diseases at that stage of life and later on in adulthood. Therefore, it is crucial to seek strategies and interventions that prevent overweight and obesity in children and adolescents to improve the health conditions of a country. Aim. To determine the triggers of childhood obesity in Hidalgo as a public health problem in children aged 6 to 12 years. Material and methods. For the study the population relative to the parents will be taken as reference point, being a secondary source, of students of the six grades of primary education that comprise ages of 6 to 12 years. Results. The results show that 100% of people are aware of the concept of childhood obesity, but they continue with bad habits such as sedentary lifestyle and the consumption of junk food. Conclusion. People are aware of what childhood obesity is and the problems or consequences that it brings ith it, however, obesity and sedentary lifestyle predominate in several homes, and despite this knowledge, they do not modify their routine or their diet, Which is very important to prevent chronic degenerative diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis