DC Resistivity Studies of Shallow Geology in the Vicinity of Vistula River Flood Bank in Czernichów Village (Near Kraków in Poland)

DC resistivity methods, soundings and Electrical Resistivity Tomography, were applied to study shallow geology in the place of planned construction of an experimental flood bank. The geoelectrical surveys provided quantitative information about the spatial presence of the various geoelectrical/geological layers: alluvial soils, sands, gravels and clays. ERT allowed maps to be constructed showing subsurface structure. A combination of geoelectrical and geological information resulted in a much better identification of the geological structure

Dominican Larimar Mining—Current State and Future Prospects

This paper presents basic mineralogical and petrological data of the rocks hosting larimar deposit from the Sierra de Bahoruco, in the SW part of the Dominican Republic. Larimar is a unique ornamental stone with a wealth of decorative qualities. The Las Filipinas Larimar Mine in Barahona Province is the only place of this type in the world. Its production and distribution require radical action; hence, the paper also provides current information on the extraction of this raw material and prospects for the future. The paper indicates the possibility of using a new adit support system based on a mixed support (arch support and shotcrete). Numerical analysis shows the need to create a shotcrete coating around the entire circumference, about 15 cm thick. The variable geotechnical situation around the excavation, caused by the planned operation, prompts the use of slightly different solutions in the field of support. The article presents an outline of the technology using Polish experience. It is a support-bolt casing system with the latest achievements in this field

Mélange, Flysch and Cliffs in the Pieniny Klippen Belt (Poland): An Overview

The Pieniny Klippen Belt (PKB) is located in the suture zone between the Central and Outer (Flysch) Carpathians. Its structure is an effect of prolonged processes of the Cretaceous–Miocene folding, thrusting and uplifting. In this zone, tectonic components of different ages and features, including strike-slip-bounded tectonic blocks, thrust units, as well as toe-thrusts and olistostromes, result in the present-day mélange characteristics of the PKB, where individual tectonic units are difficult to distinguish. In the PKB, both tectonic and sedimentary events triggered the mélange creation. The name “Klippen Belt” is derived from cliffs (German Klippen). These cliffs form harder, more erosion-resistant elements of the mélange, residing within less competent clastic deposits, sandstones, shales and marls that form flysch complexes. The cliffs often represent olistoliths, which glided down from elevated areas to the deeper basinal zones. Two olistostrome belts were distinguished. The older one resulted from subduction of the southern part of the Alpine Tethys, and the younger originated in response to the northward shift of the accretionary wedge. The other cliffs were placed within the surrounding clastic by tectonic deformational processes. The flower structure of the PKB was formed during the collision and strike-slip movement of the lithospheric plates. This structure is limited on both sides by deep-rooted faults. Several evolutionary stages could be distinguished in these areas. The rift-related stage is expressed by the opening of the Alpine Tethys that contains two major basins—Magura and Pieniny (Złatne) basins, separated by Czorsztyn Ridge. The reorganization of the Alpine Tethys basins and the development of the accretionary prism happened during the synorogenic stage. This process was initiated by the movement of the Central Carpathians. Thick flysch sequences with olistostromes were deposited in these basins. The Czorsztyn Ridge was destroyed during the late orogenic stages

Luminescent Carbon Dots Synthesized by the Laser Ablation of Graphite in Polyethylenimine and Ethylenediamine

Fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) synthesized by pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) are still interesting materials due to their possible applications. However, unlike CDs produced by the hydrothermal method, CDs produced the synthesis products by the PLAL method were never separated by dialysis, which differentiates the synthesis products and allows the identification of the main source of fluorescence. In this work, the synthesis of fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) was performed by nanosecond laser ablation of a graphite target immersed in polyethyleneimine (PEI) and ethylenediamine (EDA), and the synthesis products were separated by dialysis. The results of optical measurements showed that the main source of luminescence of the obtained nanostructures are fluorescent particles or quasi-molecular fluorophores created in the ablation process. In the case of ablation in PEI, most of the produced molecular fluorophores are associated with carbogenic nanostructures, while in the case of EDA, free fluorescent molecules dominate

Dominican Larimar Mining—Current State and Future Prospects

This paper presents basic mineralogical and petrological data of the rocks hosting larimar deposit from the Sierra de Bahoruco, in the SW part of the Dominican Republic. Larimar is a unique ornamental stone with a wealth of decorative qualities. The Las Filipinas Larimar Mine in Barahona Province is the only place of this type in the world. Its production and distribution require radical action; hence, the paper also provides current information on the extraction of this raw material and prospects for the future. The paper indicates the possibility of using a new adit support system based on a mixed support (arch support and shotcrete). Numerical analysis shows the need to create a shotcrete coating around the entire circumference, about 15 cm thick. The variable geotechnical situation around the excavation, caused by the planned operation, prompts the use of slightly different solutions in the field of support. The article presents an outline of the technology using Polish experience. It is a support-bolt casing system with the latest achievements in this field