Poland Central School District and Poland Teachers Association

In the matter of the fact-finding between the Poland Central School District, employer, and the Poland Teachers Association, union. PERB case no. M2013-170. Before: Jerry Fabiano, fact finder

City rivalries and the modernisation of Eighteenth-Century London, 1720-1770

Longstanding rivalries between the cities of London and Westminster came to a head in the 1730s with the decision by Parliament to build a new bridge at Westminster. Opened in 1750 the bridge seemed to threaten the commercial existence of the City. A competitive urge to modernise London's streets, which revolutionised the ease with which Londoners got around the metropolis, had these city rivalries as its main driving force

Financial crisis and the effect of corporate governance practices on banks’ financial performance

This paper aims to identify whether the selected corporate governance practices of Malaysian Banks, affect either positively or negatively, its rate of return on equity (ROE).Descriptive research design has been used for this research to describe the characteristic of the banks’ compliance to corporate governance and the impact on its ROE. Data from all ten listed local banks in Malaysia were obtained to measure against four independent variables, ie. the proportion of non-executive directors, the proportion of institutional investors, the level of gearing and the concentration of ownership. It was found that the higher the level of gearing of the bank, the higher is the monitoring role of the lenders and the better would be the bank’s ROE. Future research can also compare pre and post-financial crisis corporate governance practices and its impact on Banks’ financial performances

Fortino v. Quasar Co.: Parent-Right Invocation of Rights for U.S. Subsidiaries of Japanese Companies Under U.S.-Japan Treaty of Friendship, Commerce, and Navigation

This Comment argues that the Seventh Circuit\u27s decision in Fortino undermined the U.S. Supreme Court\u27s holding in Sumitomo Shoji Am., Inc. v. Avigliano. In Sumitomo, the Supreme Court rejected the right to assign defense and unanimously held that U.S. subsidiaries of Japanese companies can not take advantage of the parent\u27s rights conferred by Article VIII(1). Although not explicit in the Court\u27s published opinion, the Supreme Court precluded the subsidiary\u27s use of Article VIII(1) upon virtually identical facts and arguments as those before the Seventh Circuit and, more specifically, upon the subsidiary\u27s contention that the parent dictated its discriminatory conduct. Part I describes the background of the parent-right invocation principle in the context of an Article VIII(1) defense to Title VII claims against Japanese companies. Part I of this Comment sets forth a detailed analysis of the Sumitomo decision. Finally, Part I discusses the cases which bear on the issue of whether a U.S. subsidiary can invoke its parent\u27s Article VIII(1) rights. Part II discusses the background and holding of the Seventh Circuit\u27s decision Fortino. Part III demonstrates that the Seventh Circuit erred in both finding an Article VIII(1) right to assign and in permitting the subsidiary to invoke its parent\u27s rights to defeat the Title VII claim because neither the FCN Treaty nor the Sumitomo decision permits this result. Part III further illustrates that after finding an Article VIII(1) right to assign, the court erroneously assumed that the parent\u27s system of assignment, rather than the subsidiary\u27s independent conduct, caused the Title VII violation. Finally, Part III demonstrates that the principle of parent-right invocation rests upon inapposite theories, violates fundamental principles of U.S. corporate law, and results in illogical consequences. This Comment concludes that courts should not permit Japanese companies to ignore the corporate form of their U.S. subsidiaries by allowing subsidiaries to invoke their parents\u27 FCN Treaty rights in defense of Title VII claims

The Career of Vernon Briggs, Jr.: A Liberal Economist’s Struggle to Reduce Immigration

[Excerpt] At the conclusion of Cornell’s spring semester in 2007, Briggs ended his 47 years of college teaching. As he retired, Cornell honored him with emeritus status. Since then, he has occasionally given public talks and written articles on the need for immigration reform. He says his work still draws motivation from a principle he left with his students at the end of the last lecture in each of his classes over his entire career: “The mode through which the impossible comes to pass is effort.” That quote from Justice Oliver Wendell Homes was passed on to Briggs by Michigan State University professor Charles Killingsworth. In his long, remarkable career, Briggs has honored Holmes, Killingsworth, and his profession by passing it on — in word and deed — to countless others