Likely effects of uncertainty factors on ecological and economic values of coral reefs, compared to model projections for BAU and policy scenarios^a.

<p>^a Factors judged likely to have a substantially greater impact than others are indicated by bold type.</p

Economic values (with 95% confidence interval) for BAU and reduced emission scenarios for Hawaii.

<p>Economic values (with 95% confidence interval) for BAU and reduced emission scenarios for Hawaii.</p

CO₂ concentrations (ppm) for alternative emissions scenarios used in the model, for the years 2000–2100.

<p>CO₂ concentrations (ppm) for alternative emissions scenarios used in the model, for the years 2000–2100.</p

Review of estimated snorkeling and diving recreational values.

<p>^a . Average of values for residents, visiting snorkelers, and visiting divers.</p

Economic values (with 95% confidence interval) for BAU and reduced emission scenarios for Puerto Rico.

<p>Economic values (with 95% confidence interval) for BAU and reduced emission scenarios for Puerto Rico.</p

Parameters used for modeling simulations.

<p>Parameters used for modeling simulations.</p

Economic values (with 95% confidence interval) for BAU and reduced emission scenarios for Florida.

<p>Economic values (with 95% confidence interval) for BAU and reduced emission scenarios for Florida.</p

Summary of measurable annual values of ecosystem services (US 2007$).

<p>Sources:</p><p>Recreational visits – Hawaii: Table 8.1 in Cesar et al. <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0082579#pone.0082579-Cesar2" target="_blank">[26]</a>. Florida: Table ES-5, natural reefs only, in Johns et al. <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0082579#pone.0082579-Johns1" target="_blank">[27]</a>. Puerto Rico: estimates of total recreational use unavailable.</p><p>Recreational use value per visit – Average of seven studies conducted in Florida, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and the Gulf of Mexico (see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0082579#pone-0082579-t002" target="_blank">Table 2</a>).</p><p>Number of adults – Hawaii: 2010 census. Florida: 2010 census (includes only Broward, Miami-Dade, Monroe, and Palm Beach counties). Puerto Rico: Adult population from p. 83 in Estudios Técnicos <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0082579#pone.0082579-Estudios1" target="_blank">[28]</a>.</p><p>Existence value per person – <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0082579#pone-0082579-t002" target="_blank">Table 2</a>, existence value, in Estudios Técnicos <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0082579#pone.0082579-Estudios1" target="_blank">[28]</a>.</p

Timing of six modeled bleaching events in each location^a.

<p>^a Bleaching dates are calculated as averages across all modeled grid cells in each location.</p><p>^b Under the reduced emissions scenario, only 2 of 14 modeled grid cells in Hawaii experience three bleaching events by 2100.</p