Unnatural amino acids designed for click chemistry and their application to the modification of peptides & nitrene transfer reactions catalyzed by metalloporphyrins

The field of peptidomimetics has rapidly grown into an area of great interest for the design and synthesis of pharmaceutical drug targets. The large array of natural peptides with biological function as well as the growing understanding of the roles of these peptides in biological events has led to a large interest in these compounds as drug candidates. The majority of peptide and peptide-like molecules have not found widespread pharmaceutical utility; however, due to there lability in biological systems. This major drawback leads to the necessity for the development of peptide-like molecules with increased stability under biological conditions. To this end there has been an increased interest in the development of unnatural amino acids for the synthetic modification of peptides and proteins. Presented in this dissertation is the synthesis of a series of unnatural amino acids designed for applications to [3+2] click cycloaddition reactions. It also covers the introduction of these amino acids into the sequence of peptides for the purpose of labeling the peptide with aryl triazole chromophores in an attempt to analyze the electron transfer capabilities of aryl triazoles. The information from the fluorescent studies of these peptides will provide a basis for the design of fluorophoric peptide probes that can be introduced into a peptide at any time under labile conditions. This methodology provides a powerful tool for the analysis of peptide structure and the analysis of peptide-macromolecular interactions

Design, Synthesis, And Luminescence Properties Of Bridged Dimetallic Lanthanide Coordination Compounds

I synthesized and characterized new homo- and heterodimetallic Eu3+- and Tb3+-containing complexes. Solution-phase luminescence measurements and density functional theory (DFT)-optimized structures indicated that all complexes were nearly isostructural and contained a dimetallic lanthanide core bridged by three oxygen atoms that are covalently bound to the ligand backbone. The homodimetallic Eu3+ complex behaved as a concentration-independent pH sensor that correlates the luminescence-decay rate of the complex to pH. The probable mechanism of pH sensing was attributed to the modulation of a hydroxyl oscillator in the Eu3+ coordination sphere, which was a previously unreported method to sense pH. The heterodimetallic Tb3+/Eu3+ complex displayed energy transfer from Tb3+ to Eu3+ that is unprecedentedly efficient. The observed energy transfer confirmed that the Tb3+-Eu3+ distance in the heterodimetallic complex is within 10 Å and demonstrated a unique interaction between lanthanide ions

Pygmalion: A Pappus Word Game

The theorem of Pappus is a result from projective geometry about nine points and nine lines. It can be used as a basis for a word game similar to the game of David Silvermann using the word stockpile ARMY CHAT FISH GIRL HORN KNIT SOUP SWAN VOTE (A. Ross Eckler, Word Recreations (Dover Publications, 1979), p. 113)

A 5-Dimensional Magic Die

This extends the 3-dimensional HOT-PAD and the 4-dimensional SALT-MINE dice described in Magic Word Dice , May, 2007 to a fifth dimension (see also J. Puder\u27s remarks in the August 2007 Colloquy). A schematic (2-dimensional!) drawing of the 5-cube follows. It is based on the word pair POLAR-MINES and every node word uses exactly one each of the five pairs 1 = P-M, 2 = O-I, 3 = L-N, 4 = A-E and 5 = R-S

Preferences over the Fair Division of Goods: Information, Good, and Sample Effects in a Health Context

Greater recognition by economists of the influential role that concern for distributional equity exerts on decision making in a variety of economic contexts has spurred interest in empirical research on the public judgments of fair distribution. Using a stated-preference experimental design, this paper contributes to the growing literature on fair division by investigating the empirical support for each of five distributional principles — equal division among recipients, Rawlsian maximin, total benefit maximization, equal benefit for recipients, and allocation according to relative need among recipients — in the division of a fixed bundle of a good across settings that differ with respect to the good being allocated (a health care good — pills, and non-health care but still health-affecting good — apples) and the way that alternative possible divisions of the good are described (quantitative information only, verbal information only, and both). It also offers new evidence on sample effects (university sample vs. community samples) and how the aggregate ranking of principles is affected by alternative vote-scoring methods. We find important information effects. When presented with quantitative information only, support for the division to equalize benefit across recipients is consistent with that found in previous research; changing to verbal descriptions causes a notable shift in support among principles, especially between equal division of the goods and total benefit maximization. The judgments made when presented with both quantitative and verbal information match more closely those made with quantitative-only descriptions rather than verbal-only descriptions, suggesting that the quantitative information dominates. The information effects we observe are consistent with a lack of understanding among participants as to the relationship between the principles and the associated quantitative allocations. We also find modest good effects in the expected direction: the fair division of pills is tied more closely to benefit-related criterion than is the fair division of apples (even though both produce health benefits). We find evidence of only small differences between the university and community samples and important sex-information interactions.Distributive Justice; Equity; Resource Allocation; Health Care

Preferences over the Fair Division of Goods: Information, Good, and Sample Effects in a Health Context

Greater recognition by economists of the influential role that concern for distributional equity exerts on decision making in a variety of economic contexts has spurred interest in empirical research on the public judgments of fair distribution. Using a stated-preference experimental design, this paper contributes to the growing literature on fair division by investigating the empirical support for each of five distributional principles — equal division among recipients, Rawlsian maximin, total benefit maximization, equal benefit for recipients, and allocation according to relative need among recipients — in the division of a fixed bundle of a good across settings that differ with respect to the good being allocated (a health care good — pills, and non-health care but still health-affecting good — apples) and the way that alternative possible divisions of the good are described (quantitative information only, verbal information only, and both). It also offers new evidence on sample effects (university sample vs. community samples) and how the aggregate ranking of principles is affected by alternative vote-scoring methods. We find important information effects. When presented with quantitative information only, support for the division to equalize benefit across recipients is consistent with that found in previous research; changing to verbal descriptions causes a notable shift in support among principles, especially between equal division of the goods and total benefit maximization. The judgments made when presented with both quantitative and verbal information match more closely those made with quantitative-only descriptions rather than verbal-only descriptions, suggesting that the quantitative information dominates. The information effects we observe are consistent with a lack of understanding among participants as to the relationship between the principles and the associated quantitative allocations. We also find modest good effects in the expected direction: the fair division of pills is tied more closely to benefit-related criterion than is the fair division of apples (even though both produce health benefits). We find evidence of only small differences between the university and community samples and important sex-information interactions.Distributive justice, equity, resource allocation, health care

Response and Recovery of the Comanche Carbonate Platform Surrounding Multiple Cretaceous Oceanic Anoxic Events, Northern Gulf of Mexico

The ubiquity of carbonate platforms throughout the Cretaceous Period is recognized as a product of high eustatic sea-level and a distinct climatic optimum induced by rapid sea-floor spreading and elevated levels of atmospheric carbon-dioxide. Notably, a series of global oceanic anoxic events (OAEs) punctuate this time-interval and mark periods of significantly reduced free oxygen in the world's oceans. The best records of these events are often from one-dimensional shelf or basin sections where only abrupt shifts between oxygenated carbonates and anoxic shales are recorded. The Comanche Platform of central Texas provides a unique opportunity to study these events within a well-constrained stratigraphic framework in which their up-dip and down-dip sedimentologic effects can be observed and the recovery of the platform to equilibrium states can be timed and understood. Stable isotope data from whole cores in middle Hauterivian through lower Campanian mixed carbonate-siliciclastic strata are used to construct a 52-myr carbon isotope reference profile for the northern Gulf of Mexico. Correlation of this composite curve to numerous global reference profiles permits identification of several anoxic events and allows their impact on platform architecture and fades distribution to be documented. Oceanic anoxic events la, 1b, 1d, and 2 occurred immediately before, after, or during shale deposition in the Pine Island Member, Bexar Member, Del Rio Formation, and Eagle Ford Group, respectively. Oceanic anoxic event 3 corresponds to deposition of the Austin Chalk Group. Platform drowning on three occasions more closely coincided with globally recognized anoxic sub-events such as the Fallot, Albian-Cenomanian, and Mid-Cenomanian events. This illustrates that the specific anoxic event most affecting a given carbonate platform varied globally as a function of regional oceanographic circumstances. Using chemo- and sequence-stratigraphic observations, a four-stage model is proposed to describe the changing fades patterns, fauna, sedimentation accumulation rates, platform architectures, and relative sea-level trends of transgressive-regressive composite sequences that developed in response to global carbon-cycle perturbations. The four phases of platform evolution include the equilibrium, crisis, anoxic, and recovery stages. The equilibrium stage is characterized by progradational shelf geometries and coralrudist phototrophic faunal assemblages. Similar phototrophic fauna typify the crisis stage; however, incipient biocalcification crises of this phase led to retrogradational shelf morphologies, transgressive facies patterns, and increased clay mineral proportions. Anoxic stages of the Comanche Platform were coincident with back-ground deposition of organic-rich shale on drowned shelves and heterotrophic fauna dominated by oysters or coccolithophorids. Eustatic peaks of this stage were of moderate amplitude (similar to 30 m), yet relative sea-level rises were greatly enhanced by reduced sedimentation rates. In the recovery stage, heterotrophic carbonate factories re-established at the shoreline as progradational ramp systems and sediment accumulation rates slowly increased as dysoxia diminished. Full recovery to equilibrium conditions may or may not have followed. Geochemical and stratigraphic trends present in the four stages are consistent with increased volcanism along mid-ocean ridges and in large-igneous provinces as primary drivers of Cretaceous OAEs and the resulting transgressive-regressive composite sequences. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.BHP-BillitonReservoir Characterization Research Laboratory, the Bureau of Economic GeologyJackson School of Geosciences at the University of Texas at AustinBureau of Economic Geolog

Aerobic Treatment And Biodegradation Of Palm Oil Mill Effluent By Indigenous Microorganisms

Biodegradasi mikrob air buangan yang melibatkan penggunaan pelbagai mikroorganisma telah menunjukkan keupayaan degradasi sisa organik dalam air sisa yang berkesan yang telah menarik perhatian sejak kebelakangan ini. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan keupayaan biodegradasi oleh mikroorganisma- mikroorganisma asli yang dipencilkan daripada efluen kilang minyak kelapa sawit (POME) sebagai substrat untuk mengurangkan keperluan oksigen biokimia (BOD5), permintaan oksigen kimia (COD), jumlah pepejal terampai (TSS) dan minyak dan gris (O & G) daripada POME dan untuk mengenalpasti strain yang paling sesuai untuk teknologi rawatan biologi POME dalam keadaan aerobik. Pencirian sampel POME telah dijalankan mengikut kaedah-kaedah piawai untuk pemeriksaan air dan air sisa. Microbial biodegradation of wastewaters involving the application of variety of microorganisms has demonstrated effective degradability of organic wastes in wastewaters which has attracted attention in recent time. This study was designed to determine the biodegradation ability of indigenous microorganisms isolated from palm oil mill effluent (POME) as substrate for the reduction of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS) and oil and grease (O & G) from POME and to identify the most suitable strain(s) for a biological treatment technology of POME under aerobic condition. The characterization of POME sample was carried out according to standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater

Great Expectations: Women's Help Wanted Ads In Kansas City, 1920-1936

Title from PDF of title page viewed March 1, 2021Thesis advisor: Diane Mutti-BurkeVitaIncludes bibliographical references (page 106-111)Thesis (M.A.)--Department of History. University of Missouri--Kansas City, 2020The question of the nature of women’s paid work has been a frequent point of historical inquiry. Using a source previously only tapped quantitatively, this paper seeks to expand our understanding of how women’s employment was advertised for and viewed during the 1920s and 30s in the United States of America. This new source is Help Wanted and Situation Wanted ads (employees seeking work) from the Kansas City Star between 1920 and 1936. Kansas City is at once a typical midwestern city and also one with unique industries due to its important position in the national transportation network. The research looks at the ads qualitatively, as reflections of sentiments and requirements for certain jobs, as well as part of an active market, subject to all the cultural elements involved in analyzing product advertising. This paper confirms several impressions from other sources, but it also reveals the extent to which women’s employment included sales jobs and raises new questions about the avenues of women’s employment during the 1920s. Most of all, these new questions demonstrate the usefulness of this new source. In the final part of the paper, I outline ways to examine the sources quantitatively. Ultimately, newspaper Help Wanted ads are an untapped source with potential for confirming and building on other research topics that have long been understated, if not ignored entirely. Hopefully, this paper will serve as a demonstration of the value of further research into this valuable historical source.Introduction -- Historical Context of the 1920s and 1930s -- Theory and Practice in the Roaring Twenties -- The Great Depression and Women's Help Wanted Ads -- Help Wanted ! A Source Analyzed -- Conclusio