Le teorie sociologiche sulla comunicazione di massa. Dieci lezioni

La communication research ha oramai guadagnato una propria autonomia scientifica e accademica, sostenuta dal riconoscimento della qualità e rilevanza sociale e culturale dell’oggetto di studio. Le comunicazioni di massa sono una realtà affluente della nuova era antropologica, che si manifesta in molteplici aspetti che incidono sulla riproduzione simbolica e materiale dei sistemi sociali. Di fronte all’emergenza di un fenomeno pervasivo e pluriforme, da circa un secolo, gli studiosi si pongono il problema di come darne conto in maniera adeguata. Il libro ricostruisce lo sviluppo dei differenti paradigmi che si sono affermati nel corso del Novecento, orientando i modelli teorici e le attività di ricerca sui media. INDICE 11 - Prefazione. Ciò che è vivo e ciò che è morto nella teoria della comunicazione del Novecento. Per una storiografia della teoria, i principali modelli e le principali scuole di Michele Infante; 31 - Introduzione; 37 - Capitolo I. Le prime riflessioni sugli effetti dei mass media; 63 - Capitolo II. La scoperta delle variabili intervenienti; 85 - Capitolo III. Le reti sociali e il “flusso a due fasi”; 121 - Capitolo IV. L’approccio degli usi e delle gratificazioni; 141 - Capitolo V. La teoria critica vs. l’industria culturale; 171 - Capitolo VI. I Cultural Studies; 197 - Capitolo VII. La teoria dell’agenda setting; 227 - Capitolo VIII. La teoria della spirale del silenzio; 239 - Capitolo IX. La teoria della coltivazione; 257 - Capitolo X. La teoria della dipendenza; 273 - Bibliografia

Site-Specific Risk Factors for Colorectal Cancer in a Korean Population

We investigated the association of colorectal cancer risk factors with different colorectal cancer subsites to assess etiological differences for cancers of the proximal colon, distal colon, and rectum. Included in this study were 869,725 men and 395,501 women who participated in a health examination provided by the Korean National Health System between 1996 and 1997. During up to 7 years of follow-up, 4,144 incident colorectal cancer cases were detected (3,051 men and 1,093 women). Greater height was associated with elevated risk for distal colon cancer and rectal cancer in both men and women. Family history of cancer was associated with higher risk for cancers of the proximal colon in men and distal colon in both men and women. Frequent alcohol consumption and consuming high amounts of alcohol were associated with elevated risk for distal colon cancer in men and higher risk for rectal cancer in women. Frequent meat consumption was associated with risk for proximal colon cancer in men and for rectal cancer in women. Our findings suggest that risk factors for colorectal cancer are different by subsites of colon and rectum, as well as by sex

Risk prediction model for colorectal cancer: National Health Insurance Corporation study, Korea.

PURPOSE: Incidence and mortality rates of colorectal cancer have been rapidly increasing in Korea during last few decades. Development of risk prediction models for colorectal cancer in Korean men and women is urgently needed to enhance its prevention and early detection. METHODS: Gender specific five-year risk prediction models were developed for overall colorectal cancer, proximal colon cancer, distal colon cancer, colon cancer and rectal cancer. The model was developed using data from a population of 846,559 men and 479,449 women who participated in health examinations by the National Health Insurance Corporation. Examinees were 30-80 years old and free of cancer in the baseline years of 1996 and 1997. An independent population of 547,874 men and 415,875 women who participated in 1998 and 1999 examinations was used to validate the model. Model validation was done by evaluating its performance in terms of discrimination and calibration ability using the C-statistic and Hosmer-Lemeshow-type chi-square statistics. RESULTS: Age, body mass index, serum cholesterol, family history of cancer, and alcohol consumption were included in all models for men, whereas age, height, and meat intake frequency were included in all models for women. Models showed moderately good discrimination ability with C-statistics between 0.69 and 0.78. The C-statistics were generally higher in the models for men, whereas the calibration abilities were generally better in the models for women. CONCLUSIONS: Colorectal cancer risk prediction models were developed from large-scale, population-based data. Those models can be used for identifying high risk groups and developing preventive intervention strategies for colorectal cancer

Results of the likelihood ratio statistics for testing the differences of each risk factor across colorectal cancer subsites.

<p>Results of the likelihood ratio statistics for testing the differences of each risk factor across colorectal cancer subsites.</p

Risk factor distributions between colorectal cancer patients and colorectal cancer-free participants, men, N(%).

<p>*mean (standard deviation), P-values were derived from chi-square test compared to colorectal cancer-free participants, except for p-values for age, which were derived from t-test.</p

Risk factor distributions between colorectal cancer patients and colorectal cancer-free participants, women, N(%).

<p>*ean (standard deviation), P-values were derived from chi-square test compared to colorectal cancer-free participants, except for p-values for age, which were derived from t-test.</p

Association between risk factors and risk of cancer of the proximal colon, distal colon and rectum in men, hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals).

<p>*HR: hazard ratio, CI: confidence interval. Hazard ratios were adjusted for age. <i>P-trends</i> were calculated using the order of categories as a continuous variable in the proportional hazard models.</p

Association between risk factors and cancer of the proximal colon, distal colon, and rectum in women, hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals).

<p>*HR: hazard ratio, CI: confidence interval. Hazard ratios were adjusted for age. <i>P-trends</i> were calculated using the order of categories as a continuous variable in the proportional hazard models.</p

Relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of variables used for the risk prediction models for <b>female colorectal cancer</b>: National Health Insurance Corporation Study, Korea.

<p>Relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of variables used for the risk prediction models for <b>female colorectal cancer</b>: National Health Insurance Corporation Study, Korea.</p

Discrimination (A) and calibration (B) of the Left colon cancer prediction models.

<p>Discrimination (A) and calibration (B) of the Left colon cancer prediction models.</p